[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3532},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fconcurrency-and-async-in-python-clis\u002Fcancelling-async-tasks-on-ctrl-c\u002F":3,"content-directory":2688},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":2674,"description":2675,"difficulty":2676,"draft":2677,"extension":2678,"meta":2679,"navigation":195,"path":2680,"seo":2681,"stem":2682,"tags":2683,"updated":2674,"__hash__":2687},"content\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fconcurrency-and-async-in-python-clis\u002Fcancelling-async-tasks-on-ctrl-c\u002Findex.md","Cancelling Async Tasks on Ctrl+C in Python CLIs",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2654},"minimark",[9,36,41,70,74,103,107,134,143,147,154,962,1500,1505,1534,1548,1560,1570,1573,1577,1580,1671,1674,1678,1681,1743,1747,1760,2510,2522,2526,2544,2548,2552,2562,2569,2582,2590,2598,2602,2617,2621,2650],[10,11,12,13,17,18,21,22,25,26,29,30,35],"p",{},"An async command is mirroring 120 files with eight concurrent downloads. The user realises they pointed it at the wrong bucket and presses Ctrl+C. What should happen is obvious: stop starting new downloads, abandon the ones in progress, remove their partial files, say what was done, and exit — within a second. What often happens instead is a wall of ",[14,15,16],"code",{},"Task was destroyed but it is pending!"," warnings, a ",[14,19,20],{},"CancelledError"," traceback, half-written files left behind, or a tool that ignores the first Ctrl+C entirely because some ",[14,23,24],{},"except Exception"," swallowed the cancellation. This guide explains how cancellation actually flows through ",[14,27,28],{},"asyncio",", and how to write async CLI code that stops cleanly and reports honestly. It is part of the ",[31,32,34],"a",{"href":33},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fconcurrency-and-async-in-python-clis\u002F","concurrency and async topic",".",[37,38,40],"h2",{"id":39},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[42,43,44,56,63],"ul",{},[45,46,47,48,51,52,55],"li",{},"Python 3.11+ — the behaviour described relies on ",[14,49,50],{},"asyncio.run","'s signal handling and ",[14,53,54],{},"TaskGroup",", both improved in 3.11.",[45,57,58,59,35],{},"An async command, bridged into Typer or Click as in ",[31,60,62],{"href":61},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fconcurrency-and-async-in-python-clis\u002Frunning-async-code-in-typer-and-click\u002F","running async code in Typer and Click",[45,64,65,66,35],{},"Familiarity with the synchronous story in ",[31,67,69],{"href":68},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Ferror-handling-and-exit-codes\u002Fhandling-keyboard-interrupt-cleanly\u002F","handling KeyboardInterrupt cleanly",[37,71,73],{"id":72},"how-ctrlc-travels-through-asyncio","How Ctrl+C travels through asyncio",[10,75,76,77,80,81,84,85,88,89,91,92,96,97,99,100,102],{},"When the terminal sends ",[14,78,79],{},"SIGINT",", Python normally raises ",[14,82,83],{},"KeyboardInterrupt"," wherever the main thread happens to be — which, in an async program, is usually deep inside the event loop's machinery, where an exception can corrupt its state. Since Python 3.11, ",[14,86,87],{},"asyncio.run()"," installs its own ",[14,90,79],{}," handler instead. On the first Ctrl+C it ",[93,94,95],"strong",{},"cancels the main task","; the cancellation propagates down through everything that task is awaiting; once the main task has finished unwinding, ",[14,98,87],{}," raises ",[14,101,83],{}," to its caller.",[104,105],"inline-diagram",{"name":106},"cc-cancel-sequence",[10,108,109,110,112,113,116,117,120,121,124,125,127,128,130,131,133],{},"Cancellation arrives inside each task as a ",[14,111,20],{}," raised at the ",[14,114,115],{},"await"," where the task is suspended. That means cleanup code in ",[14,118,119],{},"finally"," blocks and ",[14,122,123],{},"async with"," exits runs normally, as long as nothing catches and discards the ",[14,126,20],{}," on its way up. If the user presses Ctrl+C a second time before shutdown finishes, ",[14,129,87],{}," stops waiting and raises ",[14,132,83],{}," immediately — the escape hatch for cleanup that hangs.",[10,135,136,139,140,142],{},[14,137,138],{},"asyncio.TaskGroup"," completes the picture: when the task running the group is cancelled, the group cancels every child task and waits for all of them to finish before letting the cancellation continue. No child can outlive the ",[14,141,123],{}," block, so there are no orphaned tasks and no \"destroyed but pending\" warnings.",[37,144,146],{"id":145},"the-recipe","The recipe",[10,148,149,150,153],{},"The example mirrors a list of URLs into a directory. Each download writes to a ",[14,151,152],{},".part"," file and renames it on success; cancellation removes the partial file. A small state object tracks what happened, so the command can report it even after an interrupt.",[155,156,161],"pre",{"className":157,"code":158,"language":159,"meta":160,"style":160},"language-python shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fmirror.py\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport asyncio\nimport os\nfrom dataclasses import dataclass, field\nfrom pathlib import Path\n\nimport httpx\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass MirrorState:\n    total: int\n    done: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)\n    cancelled: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)\n    failed: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)\n\n    @property\n    def not_started(self) -> int:\n        return self.total - len(self.done) - len(self.cancelled) - len(self.failed)\n\n\nasync def fetch_one(client: httpx.AsyncClient, url: str, dest: Path, state: MirrorState) -> None:\n    part = dest.with_name(dest.name + \".part\")\n    try:\n        async with client.stream(\"GET\", url) as response:\n            response.raise_for_status()\n            with part.open(\"wb\") as fh:\n                async for chunk in response.aiter_bytes(64 * 1024):\n                    fh.write(chunk)\n        # The rename is quick and must not be half-done: protect it from cancellation.\n        await asyncio.shield(asyncio.to_thread(os.replace, part, dest))\n        state.done.append(url)\n    except asyncio.CancelledError:\n        state.cancelled.append(url)\n        raise                                   # never swallow cancellation\n    except httpx.HTTPError as exc:\n        state.failed[url] = str(exc) or type(exc).__name__\n    finally:\n        part.unlink(missing_ok=True)            # gone on success (renamed) or failure\n\n\nasync def mirror(urls: list[str], out: Path, jobs: int, state: MirrorState) -> None:\n    sem = asyncio.Semaphore(jobs)\n    out.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=httpx.Timeout(30.0, connect=5.0),\n                                 follow_redirects=True) as client:\n\n        async def guarded(url: str) -> None:\n            async with sem:\n                name = httpx.URL(url).path.rsplit(\"\u002F\", 1)[-1] or \"index.html\"\n                await fetch_one(client, url, out \u002F name, state)\n\n        async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:\n            for url in urls:\n                tg.create_task(guarded(url))\n","python","",[14,162,163,172,190,197,206,214,227,240,245,253,258,263,270,282,291,321,343,371,376,385,402,451,456,461,486,506,514,538,544,564,594,600,606,615,621,630,636,645,658,684,692,712,717,722,749,760,784,819,836,841,863,874,907,922,927,942,956],{"__ignoreMap":160},[164,165,168],"span",{"class":166,"line":167},"line",1,[164,169,171],{"class":170},"sJ8bj","# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fmirror.py\n",[164,173,175,179,183,186],{"class":166,"line":174},2,[164,176,178],{"class":177},"szBVR","from",[164,180,182],{"class":181},"sj4cs"," __future__",[164,184,185],{"class":177}," import",[164,187,189],{"class":188},"sVt8B"," annotations\n",[164,191,193],{"class":166,"line":192},3,[164,194,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},true,"\n",[164,198,200,203],{"class":166,"line":199},4,[164,201,202],{"class":177},"import",[164,204,205],{"class":188}," asyncio\n",[164,207,209,211],{"class":166,"line":208},5,[164,210,202],{"class":177},[164,212,213],{"class":188}," os\n",[164,215,217,219,222,224],{"class":166,"line":216},6,[164,218,178],{"class":177},[164,220,221],{"class":188}," dataclasses ",[164,223,202],{"class":177},[164,225,226],{"class":188}," dataclass, field\n",[164,228,230,232,235,237],{"class":166,"line":229},7,[164,231,178],{"class":177},[164,233,234],{"class":188}," pathlib ",[164,236,202],{"class":177},[164,238,239],{"class":188}," Path\n",[164,241,243],{"class":166,"line":242},8,[164,244,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,246,248,250],{"class":166,"line":247},9,[164,249,202],{"class":177},[164,251,252],{"class":188}," httpx\n",[164,254,256],{"class":166,"line":255},10,[164,257,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,259,261],{"class":166,"line":260},11,[164,262,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,264,266],{"class":166,"line":265},12,[164,267,269],{"class":268},"sScJk","@dataclass\n",[164,271,273,276,279],{"class":166,"line":272},13,[164,274,275],{"class":177},"class",[164,277,278],{"class":268}," MirrorState",[164,280,281],{"class":188},":\n",[164,283,285,288],{"class":166,"line":284},14,[164,286,287],{"class":188},"    total: ",[164,289,290],{"class":181},"int\n",[164,292,294,297,300,303,306,309,313,315,318],{"class":166,"line":293},15,[164,295,296],{"class":188},"    done: list[",[164,298,299],{"class":181},"str",[164,301,302],{"class":188},"] ",[164,304,305],{"class":177},"=",[164,307,308],{"class":188}," field(",[164,310,312],{"class":311},"s4XuR","default_factory",[164,314,305],{"class":177},[164,316,317],{"class":181},"list",[164,319,320],{"class":188},")\n",[164,322,324,327,329,331,333,335,337,339,341],{"class":166,"line":323},16,[164,325,326],{"class":188},"    cancelled: list[",[164,328,299],{"class":181},[164,330,302],{"class":188},[164,332,305],{"class":177},[164,334,308],{"class":188},[164,336,312],{"class":311},[164,338,305],{"class":177},[164,340,317],{"class":181},[164,342,320],{"class":188},[164,344,346,349,351,354,356,358,360,362,364,366,369],{"class":166,"line":345},17,[164,347,348],{"class":188},"    failed: dict[",[164,350,299],{"class":181},[164,352,353],{"class":188},", ",[164,355,299],{"class":181},[164,357,302],{"class":188},[164,359,305],{"class":177},[164,361,308],{"class":188},[164,363,312],{"class":311},[164,365,305],{"class":177},[164,367,368],{"class":181},"dict",[164,370,320],{"class":188},[164,372,374],{"class":166,"line":373},18,[164,375,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,377,379,382],{"class":166,"line":378},19,[164,380,381],{"class":268},"    @",[164,383,384],{"class":181},"property\n",[164,386,388,391,394,397,400],{"class":166,"line":387},20,[164,389,390],{"class":177},"    def",[164,392,393],{"class":268}," not_started",[164,395,396],{"class":188},"(self) -> ",[164,398,399],{"class":181},"int",[164,401,281],{"class":188},[164,403,405,408,411,414,417,420,423,426,429,431,433,435,437,440,442,444,446,448],{"class":166,"line":404},21,[164,406,407],{"class":177},"        return",[164,409,410],{"class":181}," self",[164,412,413],{"class":188},".total ",[164,415,416],{"class":177},"-",[164,418,419],{"class":181}," len",[164,421,422],{"class":188},"(",[164,424,425],{"class":181},"self",[164,427,428],{"class":188},".done) ",[164,430,416],{"class":177},[164,432,419],{"class":181},[164,434,422],{"class":188},[164,436,425],{"class":181},[164,438,439],{"class":188},".cancelled) ",[164,441,416],{"class":177},[164,443,419],{"class":181},[164,445,422],{"class":188},[164,447,425],{"class":181},[164,449,450],{"class":188},".failed)\n",[164,452,454],{"class":166,"line":453},22,[164,455,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,457,459],{"class":166,"line":458},23,[164,460,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,462,464,467,470,473,476,478,481,484],{"class":166,"line":463},24,[164,465,466],{"class":177},"async",[164,468,469],{"class":177}," def",[164,471,472],{"class":268}," fetch_one",[164,474,475],{"class":188},"(client: httpx.AsyncClient, url: ",[164,477,299],{"class":181},[164,479,480],{"class":188},", dest: Path, state: MirrorState) -> ",[164,482,483],{"class":181},"None",[164,485,281],{"class":188},[164,487,489,492,494,497,500,504],{"class":166,"line":488},25,[164,490,491],{"class":188},"    part ",[164,493,305],{"class":177},[164,495,496],{"class":188}," dest.with_name(dest.name ",[164,498,499],{"class":177},"+",[164,501,503],{"class":502},"sZZnC"," \".part\"",[164,505,320],{"class":188},[164,507,509,512],{"class":166,"line":508},26,[164,510,511],{"class":177},"    try",[164,513,281],{"class":188},[164,515,517,520,523,526,529,532,535],{"class":166,"line":516},27,[164,518,519],{"class":177},"        async",[164,521,522],{"class":177}," with",[164,524,525],{"class":188}," client.stream(",[164,527,528],{"class":502},"\"GET\"",[164,530,531],{"class":188},", url) ",[164,533,534],{"class":177},"as",[164,536,537],{"class":188}," response:\n",[164,539,541],{"class":166,"line":540},28,[164,542,543],{"class":188},"            response.raise_for_status()\n",[164,545,547,550,553,556,559,561],{"class":166,"line":546},29,[164,548,549],{"class":177},"            with",[164,551,552],{"class":188}," part.open(",[164,554,555],{"class":502},"\"wb\"",[164,557,558],{"class":188},") ",[164,560,534],{"class":177},[164,562,563],{"class":188}," fh:\n",[164,565,567,570,573,576,579,582,585,588,591],{"class":166,"line":566},30,[164,568,569],{"class":177},"                async",[164,571,572],{"class":177}," for",[164,574,575],{"class":188}," chunk ",[164,577,578],{"class":177},"in",[164,580,581],{"class":188}," response.aiter_bytes(",[164,583,584],{"class":181},"64",[164,586,587],{"class":177}," *",[164,589,590],{"class":181}," 1024",[164,592,593],{"class":188},"):\n",[164,595,597],{"class":166,"line":596},31,[164,598,599],{"class":188},"                    fh.write(chunk)\n",[164,601,603],{"class":166,"line":602},32,[164,604,605],{"class":170},"        # The rename is quick and must not be half-done: protect it from cancellation.\n",[164,607,609,612],{"class":166,"line":608},33,[164,610,611],{"class":177},"        await",[164,613,614],{"class":188}," asyncio.shield(asyncio.to_thread(os.replace, part, dest))\n",[164,616,618],{"class":166,"line":617},34,[164,619,620],{"class":188},"        state.done.append(url)\n",[164,622,624,627],{"class":166,"line":623},35,[164,625,626],{"class":177},"    except",[164,628,629],{"class":188}," asyncio.CancelledError:\n",[164,631,633],{"class":166,"line":632},36,[164,634,635],{"class":188},"        state.cancelled.append(url)\n",[164,637,639,642],{"class":166,"line":638},37,[164,640,641],{"class":177},"        raise",[164,643,644],{"class":170},"                                   # never swallow cancellation\n",[164,646,648,650,653,655],{"class":166,"line":647},38,[164,649,626],{"class":177},[164,651,652],{"class":188}," httpx.HTTPError ",[164,654,534],{"class":177},[164,656,657],{"class":188}," exc:\n",[164,659,661,664,666,669,672,675,678,681],{"class":166,"line":660},39,[164,662,663],{"class":188},"        state.failed[url] ",[164,665,305],{"class":177},[164,667,668],{"class":181}," str",[164,670,671],{"class":188},"(exc) ",[164,673,674],{"class":177},"or",[164,676,677],{"class":181}," type",[164,679,680],{"class":188},"(exc).",[164,682,683],{"class":181},"__name__\n",[164,685,687,690],{"class":166,"line":686},40,[164,688,689],{"class":177},"    finally",[164,691,281],{"class":188},[164,693,695,698,701,703,706,709],{"class":166,"line":694},41,[164,696,697],{"class":188},"        part.unlink(",[164,699,700],{"class":311},"missing_ok",[164,702,305],{"class":177},[164,704,705],{"class":181},"True",[164,707,708],{"class":188},")            ",[164,710,711],{"class":170},"# gone on success (renamed) or failure\n",[164,713,715],{"class":166,"line":714},42,[164,716,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,718,720],{"class":166,"line":719},43,[164,721,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,723,725,727,729,732,735,737,740,742,745,747],{"class":166,"line":724},44,[164,726,466],{"class":177},[164,728,469],{"class":177},[164,730,731],{"class":268}," mirror",[164,733,734],{"class":188},"(urls: list[",[164,736,299],{"class":181},[164,738,739],{"class":188},"], out: Path, jobs: ",[164,741,399],{"class":181},[164,743,744],{"class":188},", state: MirrorState) -> ",[164,746,483],{"class":181},[164,748,281],{"class":188},[164,750,752,755,757],{"class":166,"line":751},45,[164,753,754],{"class":188},"    sem ",[164,756,305],{"class":177},[164,758,759],{"class":188}," asyncio.Semaphore(jobs)\n",[164,761,763,766,769,771,773,775,778,780,782],{"class":166,"line":762},46,[164,764,765],{"class":188},"    out.mkdir(",[164,767,768],{"class":311},"parents",[164,770,305],{"class":177},[164,772,705],{"class":181},[164,774,353],{"class":188},[164,776,777],{"class":311},"exist_ok",[164,779,305],{"class":177},[164,781,705],{"class":181},[164,783,320],{"class":188},[164,785,787,790,792,795,798,800,803,806,808,811,813,816],{"class":166,"line":786},47,[164,788,789],{"class":177},"    async",[164,791,522],{"class":177},[164,793,794],{"class":188}," httpx.AsyncClient(",[164,796,797],{"class":311},"timeout",[164,799,305],{"class":177},[164,801,802],{"class":188},"httpx.Timeout(",[164,804,805],{"class":181},"30.0",[164,807,353],{"class":188},[164,809,810],{"class":311},"connect",[164,812,305],{"class":177},[164,814,815],{"class":181},"5.0",[164,817,818],{"class":188},"),\n",[164,820,822,825,827,829,831,833],{"class":166,"line":821},48,[164,823,824],{"class":311},"                                 follow_redirects",[164,826,305],{"class":177},[164,828,705],{"class":181},[164,830,558],{"class":188},[164,832,534],{"class":177},[164,834,835],{"class":188}," client:\n",[164,837,839],{"class":166,"line":838},49,[164,840,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,842,844,846,848,851,854,856,859,861],{"class":166,"line":843},50,[164,845,519],{"class":177},[164,847,469],{"class":177},[164,849,850],{"class":268}," guarded",[164,852,853],{"class":188},"(url: ",[164,855,299],{"class":181},[164,857,858],{"class":188},") -> ",[164,860,483],{"class":181},[164,862,281],{"class":188},[164,864,866,869,871],{"class":166,"line":865},51,[164,867,868],{"class":177},"            async",[164,870,522],{"class":177},[164,872,873],{"class":188}," sem:\n",[164,875,877,880,882,885,888,890,893,896,898,900,902,904],{"class":166,"line":876},52,[164,878,879],{"class":188},"                name ",[164,881,305],{"class":177},[164,883,884],{"class":188}," httpx.URL(url).path.rsplit(",[164,886,887],{"class":502},"\"\u002F\"",[164,889,353],{"class":188},[164,891,892],{"class":181},"1",[164,894,895],{"class":188},")[",[164,897,416],{"class":177},[164,899,892],{"class":181},[164,901,302],{"class":188},[164,903,674],{"class":177},[164,905,906],{"class":502}," \"index.html\"\n",[164,908,910,913,916,919],{"class":166,"line":909},53,[164,911,912],{"class":177},"                await",[164,914,915],{"class":188}," fetch_one(client, url, out ",[164,917,918],{"class":177},"\u002F",[164,920,921],{"class":188}," name, state)\n",[164,923,925],{"class":166,"line":924},54,[164,926,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,928,930,932,934,937,939],{"class":166,"line":929},55,[164,931,519],{"class":177},[164,933,522],{"class":177},[164,935,936],{"class":188}," asyncio.TaskGroup() ",[164,938,534],{"class":177},[164,940,941],{"class":188}," tg:\n",[164,943,945,948,951,953],{"class":166,"line":944},56,[164,946,947],{"class":177},"            for",[164,949,950],{"class":188}," url ",[164,952,578],{"class":177},[164,954,955],{"class":188}," urls:\n",[164,957,959],{"class":166,"line":958},57,[164,960,961],{"class":188},"                tg.create_task(guarded(url))\n",[155,963,965],{"className":157,"code":964,"language":159,"meta":160,"style":160},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fcli.py\nimport asyncio\nfrom pathlib import Path\n\nimport typer\n\nfrom mytool.mirror import MirrorState, mirror\n\napp = typer.Typer()\n\n\n@app.callback()\ndef main() -> None:\n    \"\"\"Mirroring tools.\"\"\"\n\n\n@app.command(\"mirror\")\ndef mirror_cmd(\n    urls_file: typer.FileText,\n    out: Path = typer.Option(Path(\"mirror\"), \"--out\", \"-o\"),\n    jobs: int = typer.Option(8, \"--jobs\", \"-j\", min=1, max=64),\n) -> None:\n    \"\"\"Download every URL listed in URLS_FILE.\"\"\"\n    urls = [u.strip() for u in urls_file if u.strip()]\n    state = MirrorState(total=len(urls))\n    try:\n        asyncio.run(mirror(urls, out, jobs, state))\n    except KeyboardInterrupt:\n        typer.echo(\n            f\"\\ninterrupted: {len(state.done)} done, {len(state.cancelled)} cancelled, \"\n            f\"{state.not_started} not started\",\n            err=True,\n        )\n        typer.echo(\"partial files removed; re-run to continue\", err=True)\n        raise typer.Exit(130)\n    for url, why in state.failed.items():\n        typer.echo(f\"✗ {url}: {why}\", err=True)\n    typer.echo(f\"mirrored {len(state.done)}\u002F{state.total}\", err=True)\n    raise typer.Exit(1 if state.failed else 0)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app()\n",[14,966,967,972,978,988,992,999,1003,1015,1019,1029,1033,1037,1045,1060,1065,1069,1073,1085,1095,1100,1125,1171,1179,1184,1211,1232,1238,1243,1252,1257,1293,1313,1324,1329,1348,1360,1373,1412,1449,1472,1476,1480,1495],{"__ignoreMap":160},[164,968,969],{"class":166,"line":167},[164,970,971],{"class":170},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fcli.py\n",[164,973,974,976],{"class":166,"line":174},[164,975,202],{"class":177},[164,977,205],{"class":188},[164,979,980,982,984,986],{"class":166,"line":192},[164,981,178],{"class":177},[164,983,234],{"class":188},[164,985,202],{"class":177},[164,987,239],{"class":188},[164,989,990],{"class":166,"line":199},[164,991,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,993,994,996],{"class":166,"line":208},[164,995,202],{"class":177},[164,997,998],{"class":188}," typer\n",[164,1000,1001],{"class":166,"line":216},[164,1002,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1004,1005,1007,1010,1012],{"class":166,"line":229},[164,1006,178],{"class":177},[164,1008,1009],{"class":188}," mytool.mirror ",[164,1011,202],{"class":177},[164,1013,1014],{"class":188}," MirrorState, mirror\n",[164,1016,1017],{"class":166,"line":242},[164,1018,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1020,1021,1024,1026],{"class":166,"line":247},[164,1022,1023],{"class":188},"app ",[164,1025,305],{"class":177},[164,1027,1028],{"class":188}," typer.Typer()\n",[164,1030,1031],{"class":166,"line":255},[164,1032,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1034,1035],{"class":166,"line":260},[164,1036,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1038,1039,1042],{"class":166,"line":265},[164,1040,1041],{"class":268},"@app.callback",[164,1043,1044],{"class":188},"()\n",[164,1046,1047,1050,1053,1056,1058],{"class":166,"line":272},[164,1048,1049],{"class":177},"def",[164,1051,1052],{"class":268}," main",[164,1054,1055],{"class":188},"() -> ",[164,1057,483],{"class":181},[164,1059,281],{"class":188},[164,1061,1062],{"class":166,"line":284},[164,1063,1064],{"class":502},"    \"\"\"Mirroring tools.\"\"\"\n",[164,1066,1067],{"class":166,"line":293},[164,1068,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1070,1071],{"class":166,"line":323},[164,1072,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1074,1075,1078,1080,1083],{"class":166,"line":345},[164,1076,1077],{"class":268},"@app.command",[164,1079,422],{"class":188},[164,1081,1082],{"class":502},"\"mirror\"",[164,1084,320],{"class":188},[164,1086,1087,1089,1092],{"class":166,"line":373},[164,1088,1049],{"class":177},[164,1090,1091],{"class":268}," mirror_cmd",[164,1093,1094],{"class":188},"(\n",[164,1096,1097],{"class":166,"line":378},[164,1098,1099],{"class":188},"    urls_file: typer.FileText,\n",[164,1101,1102,1105,1107,1110,1112,1115,1118,1120,1123],{"class":166,"line":387},[164,1103,1104],{"class":188},"    out: Path ",[164,1106,305],{"class":177},[164,1108,1109],{"class":188}," typer.Option(Path(",[164,1111,1082],{"class":502},[164,1113,1114],{"class":188},"), ",[164,1116,1117],{"class":502},"\"--out\"",[164,1119,353],{"class":188},[164,1121,1122],{"class":502},"\"-o\"",[164,1124,818],{"class":188},[164,1126,1127,1130,1132,1135,1138,1141,1143,1146,1148,1151,1153,1156,1158,1160,1162,1165,1167,1169],{"class":166,"line":404},[164,1128,1129],{"class":188},"    jobs: ",[164,1131,399],{"class":181},[164,1133,1134],{"class":177}," =",[164,1136,1137],{"class":188}," typer.Option(",[164,1139,1140],{"class":181},"8",[164,1142,353],{"class":188},[164,1144,1145],{"class":502},"\"--jobs\"",[164,1147,353],{"class":188},[164,1149,1150],{"class":502},"\"-j\"",[164,1152,353],{"class":188},[164,1154,1155],{"class":311},"min",[164,1157,305],{"class":177},[164,1159,892],{"class":181},[164,1161,353],{"class":188},[164,1163,1164],{"class":311},"max",[164,1166,305],{"class":177},[164,1168,584],{"class":181},[164,1170,818],{"class":188},[164,1172,1173,1175,1177],{"class":166,"line":453},[164,1174,858],{"class":188},[164,1176,483],{"class":181},[164,1178,281],{"class":188},[164,1180,1181],{"class":166,"line":458},[164,1182,1183],{"class":502},"    \"\"\"Download every URL listed in URLS_FILE.\"\"\"\n",[164,1185,1186,1189,1191,1194,1197,1200,1202,1205,1208],{"class":166,"line":463},[164,1187,1188],{"class":188},"    urls ",[164,1190,305],{"class":177},[164,1192,1193],{"class":188}," [u.strip() ",[164,1195,1196],{"class":177},"for",[164,1198,1199],{"class":188}," u ",[164,1201,578],{"class":177},[164,1203,1204],{"class":188}," urls_file ",[164,1206,1207],{"class":177},"if",[164,1209,1210],{"class":188}," u.strip()]\n",[164,1212,1213,1216,1218,1221,1224,1226,1229],{"class":166,"line":488},[164,1214,1215],{"class":188},"    state ",[164,1217,305],{"class":177},[164,1219,1220],{"class":188}," MirrorState(",[164,1222,1223],{"class":311},"total",[164,1225,305],{"class":177},[164,1227,1228],{"class":181},"len",[164,1230,1231],{"class":188},"(urls))\n",[164,1233,1234,1236],{"class":166,"line":508},[164,1235,511],{"class":177},[164,1237,281],{"class":188},[164,1239,1240],{"class":166,"line":516},[164,1241,1242],{"class":188},"        asyncio.run(mirror(urls, out, jobs, state))\n",[164,1244,1245,1247,1250],{"class":166,"line":540},[164,1246,626],{"class":177},[164,1248,1249],{"class":181}," KeyboardInterrupt",[164,1251,281],{"class":188},[164,1253,1254],{"class":166,"line":546},[164,1255,1256],{"class":188},"        typer.echo(\n",[164,1258,1259,1262,1265,1268,1271,1274,1277,1280,1283,1285,1288,1290],{"class":166,"line":566},[164,1260,1261],{"class":177},"            f",[164,1263,1264],{"class":502},"\"",[164,1266,1267],{"class":181},"\\n",[164,1269,1270],{"class":502},"interrupted: ",[164,1272,1273],{"class":181},"{len",[164,1275,1276],{"class":188},"(state.done)",[164,1278,1279],{"class":181},"}",[164,1281,1282],{"class":502}," done, ",[164,1284,1273],{"class":181},[164,1286,1287],{"class":188},"(state.cancelled)",[164,1289,1279],{"class":181},[164,1291,1292],{"class":502}," cancelled, \"\n",[164,1294,1295,1297,1299,1302,1305,1307,1310],{"class":166,"line":596},[164,1296,1261],{"class":177},[164,1298,1264],{"class":502},[164,1300,1301],{"class":181},"{",[164,1303,1304],{"class":188},"state.not_started",[164,1306,1279],{"class":181},[164,1308,1309],{"class":502}," not started\"",[164,1311,1312],{"class":188},",\n",[164,1314,1315,1318,1320,1322],{"class":166,"line":602},[164,1316,1317],{"class":311},"            err",[164,1319,305],{"class":177},[164,1321,705],{"class":181},[164,1323,1312],{"class":188},[164,1325,1326],{"class":166,"line":608},[164,1327,1328],{"class":188},"        )\n",[164,1330,1331,1334,1337,1339,1342,1344,1346],{"class":166,"line":617},[164,1332,1333],{"class":188},"        typer.echo(",[164,1335,1336],{"class":502},"\"partial files removed; re-run to continue\"",[164,1338,353],{"class":188},[164,1340,1341],{"class":311},"err",[164,1343,305],{"class":177},[164,1345,705],{"class":181},[164,1347,320],{"class":188},[164,1349,1350,1352,1355,1358],{"class":166,"line":623},[164,1351,641],{"class":177},[164,1353,1354],{"class":188}," typer.Exit(",[164,1356,1357],{"class":181},"130",[164,1359,320],{"class":188},[164,1361,1362,1365,1368,1370],{"class":166,"line":632},[164,1363,1364],{"class":177},"    for",[164,1366,1367],{"class":188}," url, why ",[164,1369,578],{"class":177},[164,1371,1372],{"class":188}," state.failed.items():\n",[164,1374,1375,1377,1380,1383,1385,1388,1390,1393,1395,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410],{"class":166,"line":638},[164,1376,1333],{"class":188},[164,1378,1379],{"class":177},"f",[164,1381,1382],{"class":502},"\"✗ ",[164,1384,1301],{"class":181},[164,1386,1387],{"class":188},"url",[164,1389,1279],{"class":181},[164,1391,1392],{"class":502},": ",[164,1394,1301],{"class":181},[164,1396,1397],{"class":188},"why",[164,1399,1279],{"class":181},[164,1401,1264],{"class":502},[164,1403,353],{"class":188},[164,1405,1341],{"class":311},[164,1407,305],{"class":177},[164,1409,705],{"class":181},[164,1411,320],{"class":188},[164,1413,1414,1417,1419,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447],{"class":166,"line":647},[164,1415,1416],{"class":188},"    typer.echo(",[164,1418,1379],{"class":177},[164,1420,1421],{"class":502},"\"mirrored ",[164,1423,1273],{"class":181},[164,1425,1276],{"class":188},[164,1427,1279],{"class":181},[164,1429,918],{"class":502},[164,1431,1301],{"class":181},[164,1433,1434],{"class":188},"state.total",[164,1436,1279],{"class":181},[164,1438,1264],{"class":502},[164,1440,353],{"class":188},[164,1442,1341],{"class":311},[164,1444,305],{"class":177},[164,1446,705],{"class":181},[164,1448,320],{"class":188},[164,1450,1451,1454,1456,1458,1461,1464,1467,1470],{"class":166,"line":660},[164,1452,1453],{"class":177},"    raise",[164,1455,1354],{"class":188},[164,1457,892],{"class":181},[164,1459,1460],{"class":177}," if",[164,1462,1463],{"class":188}," state.failed ",[164,1465,1466],{"class":177},"else",[164,1468,1469],{"class":181}," 0",[164,1471,320],{"class":188},[164,1473,1474],{"class":166,"line":686},[164,1475,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1477,1478],{"class":166,"line":694},[164,1479,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1481,1482,1484,1487,1490,1493],{"class":166,"line":714},[164,1483,1207],{"class":177},[164,1485,1486],{"class":181}," __name__",[164,1488,1489],{"class":177}," ==",[164,1491,1492],{"class":502}," \"__main__\"",[164,1494,281],{"class":188},[164,1496,1497],{"class":166,"line":719},[164,1498,1499],{"class":188},"    app()\n",[1501,1502,1504],"h3",{"id":1503},"why-each-piece-is-there","Why each piece is there",[10,1506,1507,1512,1513,1515,1516,1518,1519,1522,1523,1525,1526,1529,1530,1533],{},[93,1508,1509,35],{},[14,1510,1511],{},"except asyncio.CancelledError: ... raise"," Recording the cancellation is fine; swallowing it is not. If a task catches ",[14,1514,20],{}," and returns normally, the task group believes it finished, and the cancellation that was meant to stop the program is lost — the classic \"Ctrl+C does nothing\" bug. Since Python 3.8, ",[14,1517,20],{}," inherits from ",[14,1520,1521],{},"BaseException",", so ",[14,1524,24],{}," no longer catches it by accident; bare ",[14,1527,1528],{},"except:"," and ",[14,1531,1532],{},"except BaseException:"," still do.",[10,1535,1536,1541,1542,1545,1546,35],{},[93,1537,1538,1539,35],{},"Cleanup in ",[14,1540,119],{}," The partial file is removed whether the download succeeded (it was renamed, so ",[14,1543,1544],{},"unlink"," is a no-op), failed, or was cancelled. Anything that must happen on every exit path belongs there, or in an ",[14,1547,123],{},[10,1549,1550,1556,1557,1559],{},[93,1551,1552,1555],{},[14,1553,1554],{},"asyncio.shield"," for a short critical section."," Shielding protects an awaitable from cancellation so it runs to completion, while the surrounding task still sees the ",[14,1558,20],{},". Use it only for brief, essential steps — here, the rename that makes a finished download visible. Shielding long operations defeats the purpose of Ctrl+C.",[10,1561,1562,1565,1566,1569],{},[93,1563,1564],{},"HTTP errors are data, cancellation is control flow."," ",[14,1567,1568],{},"httpx.HTTPError"," is recorded per URL and the task returns normally, so one bad URL does not cancel the others. Only cancellation and unexpected bugs propagate through the task group.",[104,1571],{"name":1572},"cc-cancel-rules",[1501,1574,1576],{"id":1575},"bounding-shutdown-time","Bounding shutdown time",[10,1578,1579],{},"Cleanup that awaits the network — closing connections, notifying a server that a job was aborted — can itself hang. Wrap it in a timeout so Ctrl+C always ends the program promptly:",[155,1581,1583],{"className":157,"code":1582,"language":159,"meta":160,"style":160},"async def notify_aborted(client, job_id: str) -> None:\n    try:\n        async with asyncio.timeout(2):\n            await client.post(f\"\u002Fjobs\u002F{job_id}\u002Fabort\")\n    except (TimeoutError, httpx.HTTPError):\n        pass   # best effort: never block shutdown on a courtesy call\n",[14,1584,1585,1605,1611,1625,1650,1663],{"__ignoreMap":160},[164,1586,1587,1589,1591,1594,1597,1599,1601,1603],{"class":166,"line":167},[164,1588,466],{"class":177},[164,1590,469],{"class":177},[164,1592,1593],{"class":268}," notify_aborted",[164,1595,1596],{"class":188},"(client, job_id: ",[164,1598,299],{"class":181},[164,1600,858],{"class":188},[164,1602,483],{"class":181},[164,1604,281],{"class":188},[164,1606,1607,1609],{"class":166,"line":174},[164,1608,511],{"class":177},[164,1610,281],{"class":188},[164,1612,1613,1615,1617,1620,1623],{"class":166,"line":192},[164,1614,519],{"class":177},[164,1616,522],{"class":177},[164,1618,1619],{"class":188}," asyncio.timeout(",[164,1621,1622],{"class":181},"2",[164,1624,593],{"class":188},[164,1626,1627,1630,1633,1635,1638,1640,1643,1645,1648],{"class":166,"line":199},[164,1628,1629],{"class":177},"            await",[164,1631,1632],{"class":188}," client.post(",[164,1634,1379],{"class":177},[164,1636,1637],{"class":502},"\"\u002Fjobs\u002F",[164,1639,1301],{"class":181},[164,1641,1642],{"class":188},"job_id",[164,1644,1279],{"class":181},[164,1646,1647],{"class":502},"\u002Fabort\"",[164,1649,320],{"class":188},[164,1651,1652,1654,1657,1660],{"class":166,"line":208},[164,1653,626],{"class":177},[164,1655,1656],{"class":188}," (",[164,1658,1659],{"class":181},"TimeoutError",[164,1661,1662],{"class":188},", httpx.HTTPError):\n",[164,1664,1665,1668],{"class":166,"line":216},[164,1666,1667],{"class":177},"        pass",[164,1669,1670],{"class":170},"   # best effort: never block shutdown on a courtesy call\n",[10,1672,1673],{},"The user's second Ctrl+C is the final backstop, but a tool that needs it has already disappointed them.",[37,1675,1677],{"id":1676},"ux-considerations","UX considerations",[104,1679],{"name":1680},"cc-cancel-terminal",[42,1682,1683,1689,1695,1705,1717],{},[45,1684,1685,1688],{},[93,1686,1687],{},"Report the state you left things in."," \"37 done, 8 cancelled, 75 not started\" tells the user exactly what a re-run will do. Keep the counts in a state object outside the coroutine so they survive the interrupt.",[45,1690,1691,1694],{},[93,1692,1693],{},"Make re-running safe."," Because partial files are always removed and complete ones are renamed atomically, a second run can skip what exists and fetch the rest.",[45,1696,1697,1700,1701,1704],{},[93,1698,1699],{},"Exit with 130."," By convention, ",[14,1702,1703],{},"128 + SIGINT(2)",". Shells and CI systems recognise it as \"interrupted\", not \"failed\".",[45,1706,1707,1710,1711,1713,1714,1716],{},[93,1708,1709],{},"No tracebacks for Ctrl+C."," Catch ",[14,1712,83],{}," around ",[14,1715,50],{}," and print one line. A traceback on an intentional interrupt looks like a crash.",[45,1718,1719,1565,1726,1728,1729,1731,1732,1734,1735,1738,1739,35],{},[93,1720,1721,1722,1725],{},"Respect ",[14,1723,1724],{},"SIGTERM"," too.",[14,1727,50],{}," only handles ",[14,1730,79],{},". Under a supervisor, container runtime or CI timeout, you get ",[14,1733,1724],{},"; add a handler with ",[14,1736,1737],{},"loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGTERM, main_task.cancel)"," on POSIX so it gets the same clean shutdown — see ",[31,1740,1742],{"href":1741},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Flong-running-and-watch-mode-clis\u002Fhandling-sigterm-and-graceful-shutdown\u002F","handling SIGTERM and graceful shutdown",[37,1744,1746],{"id":1745},"testing-the-behaviour","Testing the behaviour",[10,1748,1749,1750,1752,1753,1529,1756,1759],{},"Cancellation logic is testable without signals: cancel the task yourself and assert on the aftermath. For the full path — a real ",[14,1751,79],{}," to a real process — one integration test using ",[14,1754,1755],{},"subprocess",[14,1757,1758],{},"send_signal"," is worth having on POSIX:",[155,1761,1763],{"className":157,"code":1762,"language":159,"meta":160,"style":160},"# tests\u002Ftest_cancel.py\nimport asyncio\nimport sys\n\nimport httpx\nimport pytest\n\nfrom mytool import mirror as m\n\n\ndef slow_server(delay_for: set[str]):\n    async def handler(request):\n        if request.url.path in delay_for:\n            await asyncio.sleep(10)\n        return httpx.Response(200, content=b\"x\" * 1000)\n    return httpx.MockTransport(handler)\n\n\n@pytest.fixture\ndef patched_client(monkeypatch):\n    def install(transport):\n        real = httpx.AsyncClient\n        monkeypatch.setattr(m.httpx, \"AsyncClient\", lambda **kw: real(transport=transport, **kw))\n    return install\n\n\ndef test_cancel_cleans_up_and_records(tmp_path, patched_client):\n    patched_client(slow_server({\"\u002Fb.bin\", \"\u002Fc.bin\"}))\n    urls = [f\"https:\u002F\u002Ffiles.test\u002F{n}.bin\" for n in \"abc\"]\n    state = m.MirrorState(total=3)\n\n    async def scenario():\n        task = asyncio.create_task(m.mirror(urls, tmp_path, 3, state))\n        await asyncio.sleep(0.2)          # let a.bin finish, b and c hang\n        task.cancel()\n        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):\n            await task\n\n    asyncio.run(scenario())\n    assert state.done == [\"https:\u002F\u002Ffiles.test\u002Fa.bin\"]\n    assert sorted(state.cancelled) == [\"https:\u002F\u002Ffiles.test\u002Fb.bin\", \"https:\u002F\u002Ffiles.test\u002Fc.bin\"]\n    assert sorted(p.name for p in tmp_path.iterdir()) == [\"a.bin\"]   # no .part files\n\n\n@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == \"win32\", reason=\"POSIX signals\")\ndef test_real_sigint_exits_130(tmp_path):\n    import signal\n    import subprocess\n    import textwrap\n    import time\n\n    script = tmp_path \u002F \"prog.py\"\n    script.write_text(textwrap.dedent(\"\"\"\n        import asyncio, sys\n        async def main():\n            try:\n                await asyncio.sleep(30)\n            finally:\n                print(\"cleaned up\", flush=True)\n        try:\n            asyncio.run(main())\n        except KeyboardInterrupt:\n            sys.exit(130)\n    \"\"\"))\n    proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, str(script)], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)\n    time.sleep(0.5)\n    proc.send_signal(signal.SIGINT)\n    out, _ = proc.communicate(timeout=5)\n    assert proc.returncode == 130\n    assert \"cleaned up\" in out\n",[14,1764,1765,1770,1776,1783,1787,1793,1800,1804,1821,1825,1829,1844,1856,1869,1881,1911,1919,1923,1927,1932,1942,1952,1962,1995,2002,2006,2010,2020,2036,2073,2091,2095,2107,2122,2137,2142,2150,2157,2161,2166,2184,2208,2240,2244,2248,2273,2283,2291,2298,2305,2312,2316,2331,2339,2344,2349,2354,2359,2365,2371,2377,2383,2389,2395,2404,2442,2453,2463,2483,2496],{"__ignoreMap":160},[164,1766,1767],{"class":166,"line":167},[164,1768,1769],{"class":170},"# tests\u002Ftest_cancel.py\n",[164,1771,1772,1774],{"class":166,"line":174},[164,1773,202],{"class":177},[164,1775,205],{"class":188},[164,1777,1778,1780],{"class":166,"line":192},[164,1779,202],{"class":177},[164,1781,1782],{"class":188}," sys\n",[164,1784,1785],{"class":166,"line":199},[164,1786,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1788,1789,1791],{"class":166,"line":208},[164,1790,202],{"class":177},[164,1792,252],{"class":188},[164,1794,1795,1797],{"class":166,"line":216},[164,1796,202],{"class":177},[164,1798,1799],{"class":188}," pytest\n",[164,1801,1802],{"class":166,"line":229},[164,1803,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1805,1806,1808,1811,1813,1816,1818],{"class":166,"line":242},[164,1807,178],{"class":177},[164,1809,1810],{"class":188}," mytool ",[164,1812,202],{"class":177},[164,1814,1815],{"class":188}," mirror ",[164,1817,534],{"class":177},[164,1819,1820],{"class":188}," m\n",[164,1822,1823],{"class":166,"line":247},[164,1824,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1826,1827],{"class":166,"line":255},[164,1828,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1830,1831,1833,1836,1839,1841],{"class":166,"line":260},[164,1832,1049],{"class":177},[164,1834,1835],{"class":268}," slow_server",[164,1837,1838],{"class":188},"(delay_for: set[",[164,1840,299],{"class":181},[164,1842,1843],{"class":188},"]):\n",[164,1845,1846,1848,1850,1853],{"class":166,"line":265},[164,1847,789],{"class":177},[164,1849,469],{"class":177},[164,1851,1852],{"class":268}," handler",[164,1854,1855],{"class":188},"(request):\n",[164,1857,1858,1861,1864,1866],{"class":166,"line":272},[164,1859,1860],{"class":177},"        if",[164,1862,1863],{"class":188}," request.url.path ",[164,1865,578],{"class":177},[164,1867,1868],{"class":188}," delay_for:\n",[164,1870,1871,1873,1876,1879],{"class":166,"line":284},[164,1872,1629],{"class":177},[164,1874,1875],{"class":188}," asyncio.sleep(",[164,1877,1878],{"class":181},"10",[164,1880,320],{"class":188},[164,1882,1883,1885,1888,1891,1893,1896,1898,1901,1904,1906,1909],{"class":166,"line":293},[164,1884,407],{"class":177},[164,1886,1887],{"class":188}," httpx.Response(",[164,1889,1890],{"class":181},"200",[164,1892,353],{"class":188},[164,1894,1895],{"class":311},"content",[164,1897,305],{"class":177},[164,1899,1900],{"class":177},"b",[164,1902,1903],{"class":502},"\"x\"",[164,1905,587],{"class":177},[164,1907,1908],{"class":181}," 1000",[164,1910,320],{"class":188},[164,1912,1913,1916],{"class":166,"line":323},[164,1914,1915],{"class":177},"    return",[164,1917,1918],{"class":188}," httpx.MockTransport(handler)\n",[164,1920,1921],{"class":166,"line":345},[164,1922,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1924,1925],{"class":166,"line":373},[164,1926,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,1928,1929],{"class":166,"line":378},[164,1930,1931],{"class":268},"@pytest.fixture\n",[164,1933,1934,1936,1939],{"class":166,"line":387},[164,1935,1049],{"class":177},[164,1937,1938],{"class":268}," patched_client",[164,1940,1941],{"class":188},"(monkeypatch):\n",[164,1943,1944,1946,1949],{"class":166,"line":404},[164,1945,390],{"class":177},[164,1947,1948],{"class":268}," install",[164,1950,1951],{"class":188},"(transport):\n",[164,1953,1954,1957,1959],{"class":166,"line":453},[164,1955,1956],{"class":188},"        real ",[164,1958,305],{"class":177},[164,1960,1961],{"class":188}," httpx.AsyncClient\n",[164,1963,1964,1967,1970,1972,1975,1978,1981,1984,1986,1989,1992],{"class":166,"line":458},[164,1965,1966],{"class":188},"        monkeypatch.setattr(m.httpx, ",[164,1968,1969],{"class":502},"\"AsyncClient\"",[164,1971,353],{"class":188},[164,1973,1974],{"class":177},"lambda",[164,1976,1977],{"class":177}," **",[164,1979,1980],{"class":188},"kw: real(",[164,1982,1983],{"class":311},"transport",[164,1985,305],{"class":177},[164,1987,1988],{"class":188},"transport, ",[164,1990,1991],{"class":177},"**",[164,1993,1994],{"class":188},"kw))\n",[164,1996,1997,1999],{"class":166,"line":463},[164,1998,1915],{"class":177},[164,2000,2001],{"class":188}," install\n",[164,2003,2004],{"class":166,"line":488},[164,2005,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,2007,2008],{"class":166,"line":508},[164,2009,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,2011,2012,2014,2017],{"class":166,"line":516},[164,2013,1049],{"class":177},[164,2015,2016],{"class":268}," test_cancel_cleans_up_and_records",[164,2018,2019],{"class":188},"(tmp_path, patched_client):\n",[164,2021,2022,2025,2028,2030,2033],{"class":166,"line":540},[164,2023,2024],{"class":188},"    patched_client(slow_server({",[164,2026,2027],{"class":502},"\"\u002Fb.bin\"",[164,2029,353],{"class":188},[164,2031,2032],{"class":502},"\"\u002Fc.bin\"",[164,2034,2035],{"class":188},"}))\n",[164,2037,2038,2040,2042,2045,2047,2050,2052,2055,2057,2060,2062,2065,2067,2070],{"class":166,"line":546},[164,2039,1188],{"class":188},[164,2041,305],{"class":177},[164,2043,2044],{"class":188}," [",[164,2046,1379],{"class":177},[164,2048,2049],{"class":502},"\"https:\u002F\u002Ffiles.test\u002F",[164,2051,1301],{"class":181},[164,2053,2054],{"class":188},"n",[164,2056,1279],{"class":181},[164,2058,2059],{"class":502},".bin\"",[164,2061,572],{"class":177},[164,2063,2064],{"class":188}," n ",[164,2066,578],{"class":177},[164,2068,2069],{"class":502}," \"abc\"",[164,2071,2072],{"class":188},"]\n",[164,2074,2075,2077,2079,2082,2084,2086,2089],{"class":166,"line":566},[164,2076,1215],{"class":188},[164,2078,305],{"class":177},[164,2080,2081],{"class":188}," m.MirrorState(",[164,2083,1223],{"class":311},[164,2085,305],{"class":177},[164,2087,2088],{"class":181},"3",[164,2090,320],{"class":188},[164,2092,2093],{"class":166,"line":596},[164,2094,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,2096,2097,2099,2101,2104],{"class":166,"line":602},[164,2098,789],{"class":177},[164,2100,469],{"class":177},[164,2102,2103],{"class":268}," scenario",[164,2105,2106],{"class":188},"():\n",[164,2108,2109,2112,2114,2117,2119],{"class":166,"line":608},[164,2110,2111],{"class":188},"        task ",[164,2113,305],{"class":177},[164,2115,2116],{"class":188}," asyncio.create_task(m.mirror(urls, tmp_path, ",[164,2118,2088],{"class":181},[164,2120,2121],{"class":188},", state))\n",[164,2123,2124,2126,2128,2131,2134],{"class":166,"line":617},[164,2125,611],{"class":177},[164,2127,1875],{"class":188},[164,2129,2130],{"class":181},"0.2",[164,2132,2133],{"class":188},")          ",[164,2135,2136],{"class":170},"# let a.bin finish, b and c hang\n",[164,2138,2139],{"class":166,"line":623},[164,2140,2141],{"class":188},"        task.cancel()\n",[164,2143,2144,2147],{"class":166,"line":632},[164,2145,2146],{"class":177},"        with",[164,2148,2149],{"class":188}," pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):\n",[164,2151,2152,2154],{"class":166,"line":638},[164,2153,1629],{"class":177},[164,2155,2156],{"class":188}," task\n",[164,2158,2159],{"class":166,"line":647},[164,2160,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,2162,2163],{"class":166,"line":660},[164,2164,2165],{"class":188},"    asyncio.run(scenario())\n",[164,2167,2168,2171,2174,2177,2179,2182],{"class":166,"line":686},[164,2169,2170],{"class":177},"    assert",[164,2172,2173],{"class":188}," state.done ",[164,2175,2176],{"class":177},"==",[164,2178,2044],{"class":188},[164,2180,2181],{"class":502},"\"https:\u002F\u002Ffiles.test\u002Fa.bin\"",[164,2183,2072],{"class":188},[164,2185,2186,2188,2191,2194,2196,2198,2201,2203,2206],{"class":166,"line":694},[164,2187,2170],{"class":177},[164,2189,2190],{"class":181}," sorted",[164,2192,2193],{"class":188},"(state.cancelled) ",[164,2195,2176],{"class":177},[164,2197,2044],{"class":188},[164,2199,2200],{"class":502},"\"https:\u002F\u002Ffiles.test\u002Fb.bin\"",[164,2202,353],{"class":188},[164,2204,2205],{"class":502},"\"https:\u002F\u002Ffiles.test\u002Fc.bin\"",[164,2207,2072],{"class":188},[164,2209,2210,2212,2214,2217,2219,2222,2224,2227,2229,2231,2234,2237],{"class":166,"line":714},[164,2211,2170],{"class":177},[164,2213,2190],{"class":181},[164,2215,2216],{"class":188},"(p.name ",[164,2218,1196],{"class":177},[164,2220,2221],{"class":188}," p ",[164,2223,578],{"class":177},[164,2225,2226],{"class":188}," tmp_path.iterdir()) ",[164,2228,2176],{"class":177},[164,2230,2044],{"class":188},[164,2232,2233],{"class":502},"\"a.bin\"",[164,2235,2236],{"class":188},"]   ",[164,2238,2239],{"class":170},"# no .part files\n",[164,2241,2242],{"class":166,"line":719},[164,2243,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,2245,2246],{"class":166,"line":724},[164,2247,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,2249,2250,2253,2256,2258,2261,2263,2266,2268,2271],{"class":166,"line":751},[164,2251,2252],{"class":268},"@pytest.mark.skipif",[164,2254,2255],{"class":188},"(sys.platform ",[164,2257,2176],{"class":177},[164,2259,2260],{"class":502}," \"win32\"",[164,2262,353],{"class":188},[164,2264,2265],{"class":311},"reason",[164,2267,305],{"class":177},[164,2269,2270],{"class":502},"\"POSIX signals\"",[164,2272,320],{"class":188},[164,2274,2275,2277,2280],{"class":166,"line":762},[164,2276,1049],{"class":177},[164,2278,2279],{"class":268}," test_real_sigint_exits_130",[164,2281,2282],{"class":188},"(tmp_path):\n",[164,2284,2285,2288],{"class":166,"line":786},[164,2286,2287],{"class":177},"    import",[164,2289,2290],{"class":188}," signal\n",[164,2292,2293,2295],{"class":166,"line":821},[164,2294,2287],{"class":177},[164,2296,2297],{"class":188}," subprocess\n",[164,2299,2300,2302],{"class":166,"line":838},[164,2301,2287],{"class":177},[164,2303,2304],{"class":188}," textwrap\n",[164,2306,2307,2309],{"class":166,"line":843},[164,2308,2287],{"class":177},[164,2310,2311],{"class":188}," time\n",[164,2313,2314],{"class":166,"line":865},[164,2315,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[164,2317,2318,2321,2323,2326,2328],{"class":166,"line":876},[164,2319,2320],{"class":188},"    script ",[164,2322,305],{"class":177},[164,2324,2325],{"class":188}," tmp_path ",[164,2327,918],{"class":177},[164,2329,2330],{"class":502}," \"prog.py\"\n",[164,2332,2333,2336],{"class":166,"line":909},[164,2334,2335],{"class":188},"    script.write_text(textwrap.dedent(",[164,2337,2338],{"class":502},"\"\"\"\n",[164,2340,2341],{"class":166,"line":924},[164,2342,2343],{"class":502},"        import asyncio, sys\n",[164,2345,2346],{"class":166,"line":929},[164,2347,2348],{"class":502},"        async def main():\n",[164,2350,2351],{"class":166,"line":944},[164,2352,2353],{"class":502},"            try:\n",[164,2355,2356],{"class":166,"line":958},[164,2357,2358],{"class":502},"                await asyncio.sleep(30)\n",[164,2360,2362],{"class":166,"line":2361},58,[164,2363,2364],{"class":502},"            finally:\n",[164,2366,2368],{"class":166,"line":2367},59,[164,2369,2370],{"class":502},"                print(\"cleaned up\", flush=True)\n",[164,2372,2374],{"class":166,"line":2373},60,[164,2375,2376],{"class":502},"        try:\n",[164,2378,2380],{"class":166,"line":2379},61,[164,2381,2382],{"class":502},"            asyncio.run(main())\n",[164,2384,2386],{"class":166,"line":2385},62,[164,2387,2388],{"class":502},"        except KeyboardInterrupt:\n",[164,2390,2392],{"class":166,"line":2391},63,[164,2393,2394],{"class":502},"            sys.exit(130)\n",[164,2396,2398,2401],{"class":166,"line":2397},64,[164,2399,2400],{"class":502},"    \"\"\"",[164,2402,2403],{"class":188},"))\n",[164,2405,2407,2410,2412,2415,2417,2420,2423,2425,2428,2431,2433,2436,2438,2440],{"class":166,"line":2406},65,[164,2408,2409],{"class":188},"    proc ",[164,2411,305],{"class":177},[164,2413,2414],{"class":188}," subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, ",[164,2416,299],{"class":181},[164,2418,2419],{"class":188},"(script)], ",[164,2421,2422],{"class":311},"stdout",[164,2424,305],{"class":177},[164,2426,2427],{"class":188},"subprocess.",[164,2429,2430],{"class":181},"PIPE",[164,2432,353],{"class":188},[164,2434,2435],{"class":311},"text",[164,2437,305],{"class":177},[164,2439,705],{"class":181},[164,2441,320],{"class":188},[164,2443,2445,2448,2451],{"class":166,"line":2444},66,[164,2446,2447],{"class":188},"    time.sleep(",[164,2449,2450],{"class":181},"0.5",[164,2452,320],{"class":188},[164,2454,2456,2459,2461],{"class":166,"line":2455},67,[164,2457,2458],{"class":188},"    proc.send_signal(signal.",[164,2460,79],{"class":181},[164,2462,320],{"class":188},[164,2464,2466,2469,2471,2474,2476,2478,2481],{"class":166,"line":2465},68,[164,2467,2468],{"class":188},"    out, _ ",[164,2470,305],{"class":177},[164,2472,2473],{"class":188}," proc.communicate(",[164,2475,797],{"class":311},[164,2477,305],{"class":177},[164,2479,2480],{"class":181},"5",[164,2482,320],{"class":188},[164,2484,2486,2488,2491,2493],{"class":166,"line":2485},69,[164,2487,2170],{"class":177},[164,2489,2490],{"class":188}," proc.returncode ",[164,2492,2176],{"class":177},[164,2494,2495],{"class":181}," 130\n",[164,2497,2499,2501,2504,2507],{"class":166,"line":2498},70,[164,2500,2170],{"class":177},[164,2502,2503],{"class":502}," \"cleaned up\"",[164,2505,2506],{"class":177}," in",[164,2508,2509],{"class":188}," out\n",[10,2511,2512,2513,2515,2516,2518,2519,2521],{},"The first test proves the state object and file cleanup are right under cancellation; the second proves that ",[14,2514,50],{}," really turns ",[14,2517,79],{}," into cancellation that runs ",[14,2520,119],{}," blocks, which guards against a future refactor that installs its own signal handling incorrectly.",[37,2523,2525],{"id":2524},"conclusion","Conclusion",[10,2527,2528,2529,2531,2532,2534,2535,2537,2538,2540,2541,2543],{},"In modern asyncio, Ctrl+C is cancellation: ",[14,2530,50],{}," cancels the main task, ",[14,2533,54],{}," fans the cancellation out to every child, and each task unwinds through its ",[14,2536,119],{}," blocks. Your job is to not get in the way — never swallow ",[14,2539,20],{},", clean up in ",[14,2542,119],{},", shield only brief critical steps, time-box cleanup that touches the network — and then to tell the user exactly what state the work was left in before exiting with 130.",[37,2545,2547],{"id":2546},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently asked questions",[1501,2549,2551],{"id":2550},"why-do-i-see-task-was-destroyed-but-it-is-pending","Why do I see \"Task was destroyed but it is pending\"?",[10,2553,2554,2555,2558,2559,2561],{},"A task was created with ",[14,2556,2557],{},"create_task"," and never awaited, and the loop closed while it was still running. Structured concurrency with ",[14,2560,54],{}," prevents it, because the group always waits for its children. If you must create background tasks, keep references and cancel and await them on shutdown.",[1501,2563,2565,2566,2568],{"id":2564},"can-i-catch-cancellederror-to-retry","Can I catch ",[14,2567,20],{}," to retry?",[10,2570,2571,2572,2575,2576,2578,2579,2581],{},"Only in the rare case where you are certain the cancellation came from a timeout you own. ",[14,2573,2574],{},"asyncio.timeout()"," already converts its own cancellation into ",[14,2577,1659],{},", so catch that instead and leave ",[14,2580,20],{}," alone.",[1501,2583,2585,2586,2589],{"id":2584},"what-happens-to-threads-started-with-asyncioto_thread","What happens to threads started with ",[14,2587,2588],{},"asyncio.to_thread","?",[10,2591,2592,2593,2597],{},"Cancelling the awaiting task stops ",[2594,2595,2596],"em",{},"waiting"," for the thread, but the thread keeps running until its function returns — threads cannot be interrupted. Keep work handed to threads short, or pass it a cancellation flag it checks.",[1501,2599,2601],{"id":2600},"does-this-work-on-windows","Does this work on Windows?",[10,2603,2604,2606,2607,2609,2610,2613,2614,2616],{},[14,2605,50],{},"'s ",[14,2608,79],{}," handling works on Windows. 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