[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3333},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fcalling-http-apis-from-python-clis\u002Fpaginating-api-results-in-a-cli\u002F":3,"content-directory":2489},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":2474,"description":2475,"difficulty":2476,"draft":2477,"extension":2478,"meta":2479,"navigation":165,"path":2480,"seo":2481,"stem":2482,"tags":2483,"updated":2474,"__hash__":2488},"content\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fcalling-http-apis-from-python-clis\u002Fpaginating-api-results-in-a-cli\u002Findex.md","Paginating API Results in a Python CLI",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2455},"minimark",[9,31,36,61,65,68,72,113,117,124,750,765,768,773,788,1444,1455,1459,1462,1535,1539,1545,2342,2349,2353,2364,2368,2372,2375,2379,2382,2386,2397,2404,2411,2415,2418,2422,2451],[10,11,12,16,17,20,21,24,25,30],"p",{},[13,14,15],"code",{},"mytool builds --status failed"," prints nothing, so the user concludes the pipeline is healthy. In fact the API returns 50 builds per page, the command only ever asked for the first page, and all 12 failures were on page three. Pagination bugs are the quietest bugs an API-backed CLI can have: nothing errors, the output looks plausible, and the answer is wrong. The opposite mistake is nearly as bad — a command that dutifully fetches all 40,000 records into a list before printing the first row, taking a minute and a gigabyte to show the user the ten items they wanted. This guide shows how to wrap any pagination scheme in a generator, expose ",[13,18,19],{},"--limit"," and ",[13,22,23],{},"--all"," sensibly, stream results to the terminal or to scripts, and test it all offline. It is part of the ",[26,27,29],"a",{"href":28},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fcalling-http-apis-from-python-clis\u002F","HTTP APIs topic",".",[32,33,35],"h2",{"id":34},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[37,38,39,47,58],"ul",{},[40,41,42,43,46],"li",{},"Python 3.10+, ",[13,44,45],{},"httpx"," and Typer.",[40,48,49,50,53,54,30],{},"An API client built around one ",[13,51,52],{},"httpx.Client",", as in ",[26,55,57],{"href":56},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fcalling-http-apis-from-python-clis\u002Fbuilding-an-api-client-cli-with-httpx\u002F","building an API client CLI with httpx",[40,59,60],{},"The API's pagination documentation — you need to know which of the three styles below it uses.",[32,62,64],{"id":63},"three-ways-apis-paginate","Three ways APIs paginate",[10,66,67],{},"Almost every REST API uses one of three schemes. They differ in how you ask for the next page and how you know you have reached the end:",[69,70],"inline-diagram",{"name":71},"http-pagination-styles",[37,73,74,89,98],{},[40,75,76,80,81,84,85,88],{},[77,78,79],"strong",{},"Page numbers or offsets"," (",[13,82,83],{},"?page=3&per_page=50",", ",[13,86,87],{},"?offset=100&limit=50","). Easy to understand; fragile when data changes between requests, because inserting an item shifts everything and can make you skip or repeat one.",[40,90,91,80,94,97],{},[77,92,93],{},"Cursors",[13,95,96],{},"?cursor=eyJpZCI6...","). The response includes an opaque token pointing at the next page. Stable under concurrent changes and efficient for the server; you cannot jump to page 40, which a CLI rarely needs.",[40,99,100,80,103,106,107,109,110,30],{},[77,101,102],{},"Link headers",[13,104,105],{},"Link: \u003Chttps:\u002F\u002Fapi\u002F...&page=4>; rel=\"next\"","), used by GitHub and others. The server hands you the full URL of the next page; ",[13,108,45],{}," parses the header into ",[13,111,112],{},"response.links",[32,114,116],{"id":115},"the-recipe-generators-that-yield-items","The recipe: generators that yield items",[10,118,119,120,123],{},"Whatever the scheme, wrap it in a generator that yields ",[77,121,122],{},"individual items",", not pages. The caller then never thinks about pages at all — it iterates, and fetching happens lazily as it goes.",[125,126,131],"pre",{"className":127,"code":128,"language":129,"meta":130,"style":130},"language-python shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fpaging.py\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nfrom collections.abc import Iterator\nfrom typing import Any\n\nimport httpx\n\nItem = dict[str, Any]\n\n\ndef iter_cursor(client: httpx.Client, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,\n                *, page_size: int = 100) -> Iterator[Item]:\n    \"\"\"Cursor pagination: {\"items\": [...], \"next_cursor\": \"...\" | null}.\"\"\"\n    query = {**(params or {}), \"limit\": page_size}\n    while True:\n        response = client.get(path, params=query)\n        response.raise_for_status()\n        body = response.json()\n        yield from body[\"items\"]\n        cursor = body.get(\"next_cursor\")\n        if not cursor:\n            return\n        query[\"cursor\"] = cursor\n\n\ndef iter_pages(client: httpx.Client, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,\n               *, page_size: int = 100) -> Iterator[Item]:\n    \"\"\"Page-number pagination: a short page means the end.\"\"\"\n    page = 1\n    while True:\n        response = client.get(path, params={**(params or {}), \"page\": page, \"per_page\": page_size})\n        response.raise_for_status()\n        items = response.json()\n        yield from items\n        if len(items) \u003C page_size:\n            return\n        page += 1\n\n\ndef iter_links(client: httpx.Client, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Iterator[Item]:\n    \"\"\"RFC 8288 Link headers: follow rel=\"next\" until it disappears.\"\"\"\n    response = client.get(path, params=params)\n    while True:\n        response.raise_for_status()\n        yield from response.json()\n        next_link = response.links.get(\"next\", {}).get(\"url\")\n        if not next_link:\n            return\n        response = client.get(next_link)\n","python","",[13,132,133,142,160,167,181,194,199,207,212,230,235,240,277,297,304,333,345,365,371,382,397,414,426,432,449,454,459,487,503,509,520,529,565,570,580,588,605,610,621,626,631,659,665,682,691,696,703,725,735,740],{"__ignoreMap":130},[134,135,138],"span",{"class":136,"line":137},"line",1,[134,139,141],{"class":140},"sJ8bj","# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fpaging.py\n",[134,143,145,149,153,156],{"class":136,"line":144},2,[134,146,148],{"class":147},"szBVR","from",[134,150,152],{"class":151},"sj4cs"," __future__",[134,154,155],{"class":147}," import",[134,157,159],{"class":158},"sVt8B"," annotations\n",[134,161,163],{"class":136,"line":162},3,[134,164,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},true,"\n",[134,168,170,172,175,178],{"class":136,"line":169},4,[134,171,148],{"class":147},[134,173,174],{"class":158}," collections.abc ",[134,176,177],{"class":147},"import",[134,179,180],{"class":158}," Iterator\n",[134,182,184,186,189,191],{"class":136,"line":183},5,[134,185,148],{"class":147},[134,187,188],{"class":158}," typing ",[134,190,177],{"class":147},[134,192,193],{"class":158}," Any\n",[134,195,197],{"class":136,"line":196},6,[134,198,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,200,202,204],{"class":136,"line":201},7,[134,203,177],{"class":147},[134,205,206],{"class":158}," httpx\n",[134,208,210],{"class":136,"line":209},8,[134,211,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,213,215,218,221,224,227],{"class":136,"line":214},9,[134,216,217],{"class":158},"Item ",[134,219,220],{"class":147},"=",[134,222,223],{"class":158}," dict[",[134,225,226],{"class":151},"str",[134,228,229],{"class":158},", Any]\n",[134,231,233],{"class":136,"line":232},10,[134,234,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,236,238],{"class":136,"line":237},11,[134,239,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,241,243,246,250,253,255,258,260,263,266,269,272,274],{"class":136,"line":242},12,[134,244,245],{"class":147},"def",[134,247,249],{"class":248},"sScJk"," iter_cursor",[134,251,252],{"class":158},"(client: httpx.Client, path: ",[134,254,226],{"class":151},[134,256,257],{"class":158},", params: dict[",[134,259,226],{"class":151},[134,261,262],{"class":158},", Any] ",[134,264,265],{"class":147},"|",[134,267,268],{"class":151}," None",[134,270,271],{"class":147}," =",[134,273,268],{"class":151},[134,275,276],{"class":158},",\n",[134,278,280,283,286,289,291,294],{"class":136,"line":279},13,[134,281,282],{"class":147},"                *",[134,284,285],{"class":158},", page_size: ",[134,287,288],{"class":151},"int",[134,290,271],{"class":147},[134,292,293],{"class":151}," 100",[134,295,296],{"class":158},") -> Iterator[Item]:\n",[134,298,300],{"class":136,"line":299},14,[134,301,303],{"class":302},"sZZnC","    \"\"\"Cursor pagination: {\"items\": [...], \"next_cursor\": \"...\" | null}.\"\"\"\n",[134,305,307,310,312,315,318,321,324,327,330],{"class":136,"line":306},15,[134,308,309],{"class":158},"    query ",[134,311,220],{"class":147},[134,313,314],{"class":158}," {",[134,316,317],{"class":147},"**",[134,319,320],{"class":158},"(params ",[134,322,323],{"class":147},"or",[134,325,326],{"class":158}," {}), ",[134,328,329],{"class":302},"\"limit\"",[134,331,332],{"class":158},": page_size}\n",[134,334,336,339,342],{"class":136,"line":335},16,[134,337,338],{"class":147},"    while",[134,340,341],{"class":151}," True",[134,343,344],{"class":158},":\n",[134,346,348,351,353,356,360,362],{"class":136,"line":347},17,[134,349,350],{"class":158},"        response ",[134,352,220],{"class":147},[134,354,355],{"class":158}," client.get(path, ",[134,357,359],{"class":358},"s4XuR","params",[134,361,220],{"class":147},[134,363,364],{"class":158},"query)\n",[134,366,368],{"class":136,"line":367},18,[134,369,370],{"class":158},"        response.raise_for_status()\n",[134,372,374,377,379],{"class":136,"line":373},19,[134,375,376],{"class":158},"        body ",[134,378,220],{"class":147},[134,380,381],{"class":158}," response.json()\n",[134,383,385,388,391,394],{"class":136,"line":384},20,[134,386,387],{"class":147},"        yield from",[134,389,390],{"class":158}," body[",[134,392,393],{"class":302},"\"items\"",[134,395,396],{"class":158},"]\n",[134,398,400,403,405,408,411],{"class":136,"line":399},21,[134,401,402],{"class":158},"        cursor ",[134,404,220],{"class":147},[134,406,407],{"class":158}," body.get(",[134,409,410],{"class":302},"\"next_cursor\"",[134,412,413],{"class":158},")\n",[134,415,417,420,423],{"class":136,"line":416},22,[134,418,419],{"class":147},"        if",[134,421,422],{"class":147}," not",[134,424,425],{"class":158}," cursor:\n",[134,427,429],{"class":136,"line":428},23,[134,430,431],{"class":147},"            return\n",[134,433,435,438,441,444,446],{"class":136,"line":434},24,[134,436,437],{"class":158},"        query[",[134,439,440],{"class":302},"\"cursor\"",[134,442,443],{"class":158},"] ",[134,445,220],{"class":147},[134,447,448],{"class":158}," cursor\n",[134,450,452],{"class":136,"line":451},25,[134,453,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,455,457],{"class":136,"line":456},26,[134,458,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,460,462,464,467,469,471,473,475,477,479,481,483,485],{"class":136,"line":461},27,[134,463,245],{"class":147},[134,465,466],{"class":248}," iter_pages",[134,468,252],{"class":158},[134,470,226],{"class":151},[134,472,257],{"class":158},[134,474,226],{"class":151},[134,476,262],{"class":158},[134,478,265],{"class":147},[134,480,268],{"class":151},[134,482,271],{"class":147},[134,484,268],{"class":151},[134,486,276],{"class":158},[134,488,490,493,495,497,499,501],{"class":136,"line":489},28,[134,491,492],{"class":147},"               *",[134,494,285],{"class":158},[134,496,288],{"class":151},[134,498,271],{"class":147},[134,500,293],{"class":151},[134,502,296],{"class":158},[134,504,506],{"class":136,"line":505},29,[134,507,508],{"class":302},"    \"\"\"Page-number pagination: a short page means the end.\"\"\"\n",[134,510,512,515,517],{"class":136,"line":511},30,[134,513,514],{"class":158},"    page ",[134,516,220],{"class":147},[134,518,519],{"class":151}," 1\n",[134,521,523,525,527],{"class":136,"line":522},31,[134,524,338],{"class":147},[134,526,341],{"class":151},[134,528,344],{"class":158},[134,530,532,534,536,538,540,542,545,547,549,551,553,556,559,562],{"class":136,"line":531},32,[134,533,350],{"class":158},[134,535,220],{"class":147},[134,537,355],{"class":158},[134,539,359],{"class":358},[134,541,220],{"class":147},[134,543,544],{"class":158},"{",[134,546,317],{"class":147},[134,548,320],{"class":158},[134,550,323],{"class":147},[134,552,326],{"class":158},[134,554,555],{"class":302},"\"page\"",[134,557,558],{"class":158},": page, ",[134,560,561],{"class":302},"\"per_page\"",[134,563,564],{"class":158},": page_size})\n",[134,566,568],{"class":136,"line":567},33,[134,569,370],{"class":158},[134,571,573,576,578],{"class":136,"line":572},34,[134,574,575],{"class":158},"        items ",[134,577,220],{"class":147},[134,579,381],{"class":158},[134,581,583,585],{"class":136,"line":582},35,[134,584,387],{"class":147},[134,586,587],{"class":158}," items\n",[134,589,591,593,596,599,602],{"class":136,"line":590},36,[134,592,419],{"class":147},[134,594,595],{"class":151}," len",[134,597,598],{"class":158},"(items) ",[134,600,601],{"class":147},"\u003C",[134,603,604],{"class":158}," page_size:\n",[134,606,608],{"class":136,"line":607},37,[134,609,431],{"class":147},[134,611,613,616,619],{"class":136,"line":612},38,[134,614,615],{"class":158},"        page ",[134,617,618],{"class":147},"+=",[134,620,519],{"class":151},[134,622,624],{"class":136,"line":623},39,[134,625,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,627,629],{"class":136,"line":628},40,[134,630,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,632,634,636,639,641,643,645,647,649,651,653,655,657],{"class":136,"line":633},41,[134,635,245],{"class":147},[134,637,638],{"class":248}," iter_links",[134,640,252],{"class":158},[134,642,226],{"class":151},[134,644,257],{"class":158},[134,646,226],{"class":151},[134,648,262],{"class":158},[134,650,265],{"class":147},[134,652,268],{"class":151},[134,654,271],{"class":147},[134,656,268],{"class":151},[134,658,296],{"class":158},[134,660,662],{"class":136,"line":661},42,[134,663,664],{"class":302},"    \"\"\"RFC 8288 Link headers: follow rel=\"next\" until it disappears.\"\"\"\n",[134,666,668,671,673,675,677,679],{"class":136,"line":667},43,[134,669,670],{"class":158},"    response ",[134,672,220],{"class":147},[134,674,355],{"class":158},[134,676,359],{"class":358},[134,678,220],{"class":147},[134,680,681],{"class":158},"params)\n",[134,683,685,687,689],{"class":136,"line":684},44,[134,686,338],{"class":147},[134,688,341],{"class":151},[134,690,344],{"class":158},[134,692,694],{"class":136,"line":693},45,[134,695,370],{"class":158},[134,697,699,701],{"class":136,"line":698},46,[134,700,387],{"class":147},[134,702,381],{"class":158},[134,704,706,709,711,714,717,720,723],{"class":136,"line":705},47,[134,707,708],{"class":158},"        next_link ",[134,710,220],{"class":147},[134,712,713],{"class":158}," response.links.get(",[134,715,716],{"class":302},"\"next\"",[134,718,719],{"class":158},", {}).get(",[134,721,722],{"class":302},"\"url\"",[134,724,413],{"class":158},[134,726,728,730,732],{"class":136,"line":727},48,[134,729,419],{"class":147},[134,731,422],{"class":147},[134,733,734],{"class":158}," next_link:\n",[134,736,738],{"class":136,"line":737},49,[134,739,431],{"class":147},[134,741,743,745,747],{"class":136,"line":742},50,[134,744,350],{"class":158},[134,746,220],{"class":147},[134,748,749],{"class":158}," client.get(next_link)\n",[10,751,752,753,756,757,760,761,764],{},"Two details are easy to miss. In ",[13,754,755],{},"iter_pages",", the end is detected by a ",[77,758,759],{},"short page",", which costs no extra request when the last page is partial — but if the total is an exact multiple of the page size, you make one final request that returns an empty list, which is correct and cheap. And in ",[13,762,763],{},"iter_links",", the next URL is absolute and already contains the query string, so you pass it as-is rather than re-adding parameters.",[69,766],{"name":767},"http-pagination-generator",[769,770,772],"h3",{"id":771},"limits-filtering-and-all","Limits, filtering and \"all\"",[10,774,775,776,779,780,783,784,787],{},"Now the command decides how much to consume. ",[13,777,778],{},"itertools.islice"," stops the generator after ",[13,781,782],{},"limit"," items, and because the generator is lazy, stopping early means ",[77,785,786],{},"not requesting"," the remaining pages:",[125,789,791],{"className":127,"code":790,"language":129,"meta":130,"style":130},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fcli.py\nimport itertools\nimport json\nimport os\n\nimport httpx\nimport typer\n\nfrom mytool.paging import iter_cursor\n\napp = typer.Typer()\n\n\n@app.callback()\ndef main(ctx: typer.Context) -> None:\n    \"\"\"Build history.\"\"\"\n    client = httpx.Client(base_url=os.environ.get(\"MYTOOL_API_URL\", \"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.example.com\u002Fv1\"),\n                          timeout=httpx.Timeout(30.0, connect=5.0))\n    ctx.call_on_close(client.close)\n    ctx.obj = client\n\n\n@app.command()\ndef builds(\n    ctx: typer.Context,\n    status: str | None = typer.Option(None, help=\"Only builds with this status.\"),\n    limit: int = typer.Option(20, \"--limit\", \"-n\", min=1, help=\"Show at most N builds.\"),\n    all_: bool = typer.Option(False, \"--all\", help=\"Fetch every matching build.\"),\n    json_lines: bool = typer.Option(False, \"--json-lines\", help=\"One JSON object per line.\"),\n) -> None:\n    \"\"\"List recent builds, newest first.\"\"\"\n    params = {\"status\": status} if status else {}\n    items = iter_cursor(ctx.obj, \"\u002Fbuilds\", params)\n    if not all_:\n        items = itertools.islice(items, limit)\n    shown = 0\n    for b in items:\n        shown += 1\n        if json_lines:\n            typer.echo(json.dumps(b, separators=(\",\", \":\")))\n        else:\n            typer.echo(f\"#{b['id']:\u003C6} {b['project']:\u003C10} {b['status']:\u003C8} {b['age']}\")\n    if not json_lines and not all_ and shown == limit:\n        typer.echo(f\"(showing {limit}; use --limit or --all for more)\", err=True)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    app()\n",[13,792,793,798,805,812,819,823,829,836,840,852,856,866,870,874,882,897,902,931,957,962,972,976,980,987,997,1002,1033,1078,1109,1138,1147,1152,1179,1195,1205,1214,1224,1238,1247,1254,1278,1285,1357,1385,1416,1420,1424,1439],{"__ignoreMap":130},[134,794,795],{"class":136,"line":137},[134,796,797],{"class":140},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fcli.py\n",[134,799,800,802],{"class":136,"line":144},[134,801,177],{"class":147},[134,803,804],{"class":158}," itertools\n",[134,806,807,809],{"class":136,"line":162},[134,808,177],{"class":147},[134,810,811],{"class":158}," json\n",[134,813,814,816],{"class":136,"line":169},[134,815,177],{"class":147},[134,817,818],{"class":158}," os\n",[134,820,821],{"class":136,"line":183},[134,822,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,824,825,827],{"class":136,"line":196},[134,826,177],{"class":147},[134,828,206],{"class":158},[134,830,831,833],{"class":136,"line":201},[134,832,177],{"class":147},[134,834,835],{"class":158}," typer\n",[134,837,838],{"class":136,"line":209},[134,839,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,841,842,844,847,849],{"class":136,"line":214},[134,843,148],{"class":147},[134,845,846],{"class":158}," mytool.paging ",[134,848,177],{"class":147},[134,850,851],{"class":158}," iter_cursor\n",[134,853,854],{"class":136,"line":232},[134,855,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,857,858,861,863],{"class":136,"line":237},[134,859,860],{"class":158},"app ",[134,862,220],{"class":147},[134,864,865],{"class":158}," typer.Typer()\n",[134,867,868],{"class":136,"line":242},[134,869,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,871,872],{"class":136,"line":279},[134,873,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,875,876,879],{"class":136,"line":299},[134,877,878],{"class":248},"@app.callback",[134,880,881],{"class":158},"()\n",[134,883,884,886,889,892,895],{"class":136,"line":306},[134,885,245],{"class":147},[134,887,888],{"class":248}," main",[134,890,891],{"class":158},"(ctx: typer.Context) -> ",[134,893,894],{"class":151},"None",[134,896,344],{"class":158},[134,898,899],{"class":136,"line":335},[134,900,901],{"class":302},"    \"\"\"Build history.\"\"\"\n",[134,903,904,907,909,912,915,917,920,923,925,928],{"class":136,"line":347},[134,905,906],{"class":158},"    client ",[134,908,220],{"class":147},[134,910,911],{"class":158}," httpx.Client(",[134,913,914],{"class":358},"base_url",[134,916,220],{"class":147},[134,918,919],{"class":158},"os.environ.get(",[134,921,922],{"class":302},"\"MYTOOL_API_URL\"",[134,924,84],{"class":158},[134,926,927],{"class":302},"\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.example.com\u002Fv1\"",[134,929,930],{"class":158},"),\n",[134,932,933,936,938,941,944,946,949,951,954],{"class":136,"line":367},[134,934,935],{"class":358},"                          timeout",[134,937,220],{"class":147},[134,939,940],{"class":158},"httpx.Timeout(",[134,942,943],{"class":151},"30.0",[134,945,84],{"class":158},[134,947,948],{"class":358},"connect",[134,950,220],{"class":147},[134,952,953],{"class":151},"5.0",[134,955,956],{"class":158},"))\n",[134,958,959],{"class":136,"line":373},[134,960,961],{"class":158},"    ctx.call_on_close(client.close)\n",[134,963,964,967,969],{"class":136,"line":384},[134,965,966],{"class":158},"    ctx.obj ",[134,968,220],{"class":147},[134,970,971],{"class":158}," client\n",[134,973,974],{"class":136,"line":399},[134,975,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,977,978],{"class":136,"line":416},[134,979,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,981,982,985],{"class":136,"line":428},[134,983,984],{"class":248},"@app.command",[134,986,881],{"class":158},[134,988,989,991,994],{"class":136,"line":434},[134,990,245],{"class":147},[134,992,993],{"class":248}," builds",[134,995,996],{"class":158},"(\n",[134,998,999],{"class":136,"line":451},[134,1000,1001],{"class":158},"    ctx: typer.Context,\n",[134,1003,1004,1007,1009,1012,1014,1016,1019,1021,1023,1026,1028,1031],{"class":136,"line":456},[134,1005,1006],{"class":158},"    status: ",[134,1008,226],{"class":151},[134,1010,1011],{"class":147}," |",[134,1013,268],{"class":151},[134,1015,271],{"class":147},[134,1017,1018],{"class":158}," typer.Option(",[134,1020,894],{"class":151},[134,1022,84],{"class":158},[134,1024,1025],{"class":358},"help",[134,1027,220],{"class":147},[134,1029,1030],{"class":302},"\"Only builds with this status.\"",[134,1032,930],{"class":158},[134,1034,1035,1038,1040,1042,1044,1047,1049,1052,1054,1057,1059,1062,1064,1067,1069,1071,1073,1076],{"class":136,"line":461},[134,1036,1037],{"class":158},"    limit: ",[134,1039,288],{"class":151},[134,1041,271],{"class":147},[134,1043,1018],{"class":158},[134,1045,1046],{"class":151},"20",[134,1048,84],{"class":158},[134,1050,1051],{"class":302},"\"--limit\"",[134,1053,84],{"class":158},[134,1055,1056],{"class":302},"\"-n\"",[134,1058,84],{"class":158},[134,1060,1061],{"class":358},"min",[134,1063,220],{"class":147},[134,1065,1066],{"class":151},"1",[134,1068,84],{"class":158},[134,1070,1025],{"class":358},[134,1072,220],{"class":147},[134,1074,1075],{"class":302},"\"Show at most N builds.\"",[134,1077,930],{"class":158},[134,1079,1080,1083,1086,1088,1090,1093,1095,1098,1100,1102,1104,1107],{"class":136,"line":489},[134,1081,1082],{"class":158},"    all_: ",[134,1084,1085],{"class":151},"bool",[134,1087,271],{"class":147},[134,1089,1018],{"class":158},[134,1091,1092],{"class":151},"False",[134,1094,84],{"class":158},[134,1096,1097],{"class":302},"\"--all\"",[134,1099,84],{"class":158},[134,1101,1025],{"class":358},[134,1103,220],{"class":147},[134,1105,1106],{"class":302},"\"Fetch every matching build.\"",[134,1108,930],{"class":158},[134,1110,1111,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1127,1129,1131,1133,1136],{"class":136,"line":505},[134,1112,1113],{"class":158},"    json_lines: ",[134,1115,1085],{"class":151},[134,1117,271],{"class":147},[134,1119,1018],{"class":158},[134,1121,1092],{"class":151},[134,1123,84],{"class":158},[134,1125,1126],{"class":302},"\"--json-lines\"",[134,1128,84],{"class":158},[134,1130,1025],{"class":358},[134,1132,220],{"class":147},[134,1134,1135],{"class":302},"\"One JSON object per line.\"",[134,1137,930],{"class":158},[134,1139,1140,1143,1145],{"class":136,"line":511},[134,1141,1142],{"class":158},") -> ",[134,1144,894],{"class":151},[134,1146,344],{"class":158},[134,1148,1149],{"class":136,"line":522},[134,1150,1151],{"class":302},"    \"\"\"List recent builds, newest first.\"\"\"\n",[134,1153,1154,1157,1159,1161,1164,1167,1170,1173,1176],{"class":136,"line":531},[134,1155,1156],{"class":158},"    params ",[134,1158,220],{"class":147},[134,1160,314],{"class":158},[134,1162,1163],{"class":302},"\"status\"",[134,1165,1166],{"class":158},": status} ",[134,1168,1169],{"class":147},"if",[134,1171,1172],{"class":158}," status ",[134,1174,1175],{"class":147},"else",[134,1177,1178],{"class":158}," {}\n",[134,1180,1181,1184,1186,1189,1192],{"class":136,"line":567},[134,1182,1183],{"class":158},"    items ",[134,1185,220],{"class":147},[134,1187,1188],{"class":158}," iter_cursor(ctx.obj, ",[134,1190,1191],{"class":302},"\"\u002Fbuilds\"",[134,1193,1194],{"class":158},", params)\n",[134,1196,1197,1200,1202],{"class":136,"line":572},[134,1198,1199],{"class":147},"    if",[134,1201,422],{"class":147},[134,1203,1204],{"class":158}," all_:\n",[134,1206,1207,1209,1211],{"class":136,"line":582},[134,1208,575],{"class":158},[134,1210,220],{"class":147},[134,1212,1213],{"class":158}," itertools.islice(items, limit)\n",[134,1215,1216,1219,1221],{"class":136,"line":590},[134,1217,1218],{"class":158},"    shown ",[134,1220,220],{"class":147},[134,1222,1223],{"class":151}," 0\n",[134,1225,1226,1229,1232,1235],{"class":136,"line":607},[134,1227,1228],{"class":147},"    for",[134,1230,1231],{"class":158}," b ",[134,1233,1234],{"class":147},"in",[134,1236,1237],{"class":158}," items:\n",[134,1239,1240,1243,1245],{"class":136,"line":612},[134,1241,1242],{"class":158},"        shown ",[134,1244,618],{"class":147},[134,1246,519],{"class":151},[134,1248,1249,1251],{"class":136,"line":623},[134,1250,419],{"class":147},[134,1252,1253],{"class":158}," json_lines:\n",[134,1255,1256,1259,1262,1264,1267,1270,1272,1275],{"class":136,"line":628},[134,1257,1258],{"class":158},"            typer.echo(json.dumps(b, ",[134,1260,1261],{"class":358},"separators",[134,1263,220],{"class":147},[134,1265,1266],{"class":158},"(",[134,1268,1269],{"class":302},"\",\"",[134,1271,84],{"class":158},[134,1273,1274],{"class":302},"\":\"",[134,1276,1277],{"class":158},")))\n",[134,1279,1280,1283],{"class":136,"line":633},[134,1281,1282],{"class":147},"        else",[134,1284,344],{"class":158},[134,1286,1287,1290,1293,1296,1298,1301,1304,1307,1310,1313,1315,1317,1320,1322,1325,1327,1329,1331,1334,1336,1339,1341,1343,1345,1348,1350,1352,1355],{"class":136,"line":661},[134,1288,1289],{"class":158},"            typer.echo(",[134,1291,1292],{"class":147},"f",[134,1294,1295],{"class":302},"\"#",[134,1297,544],{"class":151},[134,1299,1300],{"class":158},"b[",[134,1302,1303],{"class":302},"'id'",[134,1305,1306],{"class":158},"]",[134,1308,1309],{"class":147},":\u003C6",[134,1311,1312],{"class":151},"}",[134,1314,314],{"class":151},[134,1316,1300],{"class":158},[134,1318,1319],{"class":302},"'project'",[134,1321,1306],{"class":158},[134,1323,1324],{"class":147},":\u003C10",[134,1326,1312],{"class":151},[134,1328,314],{"class":151},[134,1330,1300],{"class":158},[134,1332,1333],{"class":302},"'status'",[134,1335,1306],{"class":158},[134,1337,1338],{"class":147},":\u003C8",[134,1340,1312],{"class":151},[134,1342,314],{"class":151},[134,1344,1300],{"class":158},[134,1346,1347],{"class":302},"'age'",[134,1349,1306],{"class":158},[134,1351,1312],{"class":151},[134,1353,1354],{"class":302},"\"",[134,1356,413],{"class":158},[134,1358,1359,1361,1363,1366,1369,1371,1374,1376,1379,1382],{"class":136,"line":667},[134,1360,1199],{"class":147},[134,1362,422],{"class":147},[134,1364,1365],{"class":158}," json_lines ",[134,1367,1368],{"class":147},"and",[134,1370,422],{"class":147},[134,1372,1373],{"class":158}," all_ ",[134,1375,1368],{"class":147},[134,1377,1378],{"class":158}," shown ",[134,1380,1381],{"class":147},"==",[134,1383,1384],{"class":158}," limit:\n",[134,1386,1387,1390,1392,1395,1397,1399,1401,1404,1406,1409,1411,1414],{"class":136,"line":684},[134,1388,1389],{"class":158},"        typer.echo(",[134,1391,1292],{"class":147},[134,1393,1394],{"class":302},"\"(showing ",[134,1396,544],{"class":151},[134,1398,782],{"class":158},[134,1400,1312],{"class":151},[134,1402,1403],{"class":302},"; use --limit or --all for more)\"",[134,1405,84],{"class":158},[134,1407,1408],{"class":358},"err",[134,1410,220],{"class":147},[134,1412,1413],{"class":151},"True",[134,1415,413],{"class":158},[134,1417,1418],{"class":136,"line":693},[134,1419,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1421,1422],{"class":136,"line":698},[134,1423,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1425,1426,1428,1431,1434,1437],{"class":136,"line":705},[134,1427,1169],{"class":147},[134,1429,1430],{"class":151}," __name__",[134,1432,1433],{"class":147}," ==",[134,1435,1436],{"class":302}," \"__main__\"",[134,1438,344],{"class":158},[134,1440,1441],{"class":136,"line":727},[134,1442,1443],{"class":158},"    app()\n",[10,1445,1446,1447,1450,1451,1454],{},"Filtering belongs on the ",[77,1448,1449],{},"server"," whenever the API supports it — pass ",[13,1452,1453],{},"status=failed"," as a query parameter rather than fetching everything and filtering in Python. Server-side filtering is what makes \"show me the last 20 failures\" one request instead of twenty.",[32,1456,1458],{"id":1457},"ux-considerations","UX considerations",[69,1460],{"name":1461},"http-limit-terminal",[37,1463,1464,1470,1479,1485,1506,1515],{},[40,1465,1466,1469],{},[77,1467,1468],{},"Default to a small limit for humans."," Twenty or fifty rows fit on a screen and return in one request. Tell the user when output was truncated and how to get more, as the final stderr line above does.",[40,1471,1472,1475,1476,1478],{},[77,1473,1474],{},"Make \"everything\" explicit."," ",[13,1477,23],{}," is a deliberate choice that might take a while; it should never be the default for an unbounded collection.",[40,1480,1481,1484],{},[77,1482,1483],{},"Stream, do not collect."," Print each row as it arrives. The user sees results immediately, and memory stays flat no matter how many pages there are.",[40,1486,1487,1490,1491,84,1494,1497,1498,1501,1502,30],{},[77,1488,1489],{},"Offer a streaming machine format."," A JSON array cannot be written until the last page arrives. NDJSON — one JSON object per line — can be written incrementally and consumed incrementally by ",[13,1492,1493],{},"jq",[13,1495,1496],{},"grep"," or another program, which is why ",[13,1499,1500],{},"--json-lines"," suits paginated commands. The broader contract is in ",[26,1503,1505],{"href":1504},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fworking-with-stdin-stdout-and-pipes\u002Femitting-json-output-for-scripting\u002F","emitting JSON output for scripting",[40,1507,1508,1511,1512,1514],{},[77,1509,1510],{},"Show progress for long walks."," For ",[13,1513,23],{}," over thousands of items, a count on stderr (\"fetched 3,200 builds...\") updated in place tells the user the tool is working. Keep it off when stderr is not a terminal.",[40,1516,1517,1475,1523,1526,1527,1530,1531,30],{},[77,1518,1519,1520,30],{},"Survive a downstream ",[13,1521,1522],{},"head",[13,1524,1525],{},"mytool builds --all --json-lines | head -5"," closes the pipe after five lines; handle ",[13,1528,1529],{},"BrokenPipeError"," so the command exits quietly and stops fetching. See ",[26,1532,1534],{"href":1533},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fworking-with-stdin-stdout-and-pipes\u002Fhandling-broken-pipe-and-sigpipe\u002F","handling broken pipe and SIGPIPE",[32,1536,1538],{"id":1537},"testing-the-behaviour","Testing the behaviour",[10,1540,1541,1542,1544],{},"A fake API that serves a known dataset in pages lets you assert both the items returned and the number of requests made — the latter is what proves ",[13,1543,19],{}," stops early:",[125,1546,1548],{"className":127,"code":1547,"language":129,"meta":130,"style":130},"# tests\u002Ftest_paging.py\nimport itertools\n\nimport httpx\n\nfrom mytool.paging import iter_cursor, iter_links, iter_pages\n\nDATA = [{\"id\": i} for i in range(1, 251)]   # 250 items\n\n\ndef cursor_api(calls):\n    def handler(request):\n        calls.append(request)\n        start = int(request.url.params.get(\"cursor\", 0))\n        size = int(request.url.params[\"limit\"])\n        chunk = DATA[start:start + size]\n        nxt = start + size if start + size \u003C len(DATA) else None\n        return httpx.Response(200, json={\"items\": chunk, \"next_cursor\": nxt and str(nxt)})\n    return httpx.Client(base_url=\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.test\", transport=httpx.MockTransport(handler))\n\n\ndef test_cursor_walks_everything():\n    calls = []\n    items = list(iter_cursor(cursor_api(calls), \"\u002Fbuilds\", page_size=100))\n    assert [i[\"id\"] for i in items] == list(range(1, 251))\n    assert len(calls) == 3\n\n\ndef test_limit_stops_fetching():\n    calls = []\n    first = list(itertools.islice(iter_cursor(cursor_api(calls), \"\u002Fbuilds\", page_size=100), 20))\n    assert len(first) == 20\n    assert len(calls) == 1\n\n\ndef test_page_numbers_exact_multiple():\n    def handler(request):\n        page = int(request.url.params[\"page\"])\n        return httpx.Response(200, json=DATA[:200][(page - 1) * 100: page * 100])\n    client = httpx.Client(base_url=\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.test\", transport=httpx.MockTransport(handler))\n    assert len(list(iter_pages(client, \"\u002Fb\", page_size=100))) == 200\n\n\ndef test_link_headers():\n    def handler(request):\n        page = int(request.url.params.get(\"page\", 1))\n        headers = {\"Link\": f'\u003Chttps:\u002F\u002Fapi.test\u002Fb?page={page + 1}>; rel=\"next\"'} if page \u003C 3 else {}\n        return httpx.Response(200, json=[{\"page\": page}], headers=headers)\n    client = httpx.Client(base_url=\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.test\", transport=httpx.MockTransport(handler))\n    assert [i[\"page\"] for i in iter_links(client, \"\u002Fb\")] == [1, 2, 3]\n",[13,1549,1550,1555,1561,1565,1571,1575,1586,1590,1632,1636,1640,1650,1661,1666,1688,1705,1724,1763,1801,1825,1829,1833,1843,1853,1879,1919,1933,1937,1941,1950,1958,1987,2001,2013,2017,2021,2030,2038,2052,2098,2120,2153,2157,2161,2170,2178,2196,2247,2277,2299],{"__ignoreMap":130},[134,1551,1552],{"class":136,"line":137},[134,1553,1554],{"class":140},"# tests\u002Ftest_paging.py\n",[134,1556,1557,1559],{"class":136,"line":144},[134,1558,177],{"class":147},[134,1560,804],{"class":158},[134,1562,1563],{"class":136,"line":162},[134,1564,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1566,1567,1569],{"class":136,"line":169},[134,1568,177],{"class":147},[134,1570,206],{"class":158},[134,1572,1573],{"class":136,"line":183},[134,1574,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1576,1577,1579,1581,1583],{"class":136,"line":196},[134,1578,148],{"class":147},[134,1580,846],{"class":158},[134,1582,177],{"class":147},[134,1584,1585],{"class":158}," iter_cursor, iter_links, iter_pages\n",[134,1587,1588],{"class":136,"line":201},[134,1589,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1591,1592,1595,1597,1600,1603,1606,1609,1612,1614,1617,1619,1621,1623,1626,1629],{"class":136,"line":209},[134,1593,1594],{"class":151},"DATA",[134,1596,271],{"class":147},[134,1598,1599],{"class":158}," [{",[134,1601,1602],{"class":302},"\"id\"",[134,1604,1605],{"class":158},": i} ",[134,1607,1608],{"class":147},"for",[134,1610,1611],{"class":158}," i ",[134,1613,1234],{"class":147},[134,1615,1616],{"class":151}," range",[134,1618,1266],{"class":158},[134,1620,1066],{"class":151},[134,1622,84],{"class":158},[134,1624,1625],{"class":151},"251",[134,1627,1628],{"class":158},")]   ",[134,1630,1631],{"class":140},"# 250 items\n",[134,1633,1634],{"class":136,"line":214},[134,1635,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1637,1638],{"class":136,"line":232},[134,1639,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1641,1642,1644,1647],{"class":136,"line":237},[134,1643,245],{"class":147},[134,1645,1646],{"class":248}," cursor_api",[134,1648,1649],{"class":158},"(calls):\n",[134,1651,1652,1655,1658],{"class":136,"line":242},[134,1653,1654],{"class":147},"    def",[134,1656,1657],{"class":248}," handler",[134,1659,1660],{"class":158},"(request):\n",[134,1662,1663],{"class":136,"line":279},[134,1664,1665],{"class":158},"        calls.append(request)\n",[134,1667,1668,1671,1673,1676,1679,1681,1683,1686],{"class":136,"line":299},[134,1669,1670],{"class":158},"        start ",[134,1672,220],{"class":147},[134,1674,1675],{"class":151}," int",[134,1677,1678],{"class":158},"(request.url.params.get(",[134,1680,440],{"class":302},[134,1682,84],{"class":158},[134,1684,1685],{"class":151},"0",[134,1687,956],{"class":158},[134,1689,1690,1693,1695,1697,1700,1702],{"class":136,"line":306},[134,1691,1692],{"class":158},"        size ",[134,1694,220],{"class":147},[134,1696,1675],{"class":151},[134,1698,1699],{"class":158},"(request.url.params[",[134,1701,329],{"class":302},[134,1703,1704],{"class":158},"])\n",[134,1706,1707,1710,1712,1715,1718,1721],{"class":136,"line":335},[134,1708,1709],{"class":158},"        chunk ",[134,1711,220],{"class":147},[134,1713,1714],{"class":151}," DATA",[134,1716,1717],{"class":158},"[start:start ",[134,1719,1720],{"class":147},"+",[134,1722,1723],{"class":158}," size]\n",[134,1725,1726,1729,1731,1734,1736,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1758,1760],{"class":136,"line":347},[134,1727,1728],{"class":158},"        nxt ",[134,1730,220],{"class":147},[134,1732,1733],{"class":158}," start ",[134,1735,1720],{"class":147},[134,1737,1738],{"class":158}," size ",[134,1740,1169],{"class":147},[134,1742,1733],{"class":158},[134,1744,1720],{"class":147},[134,1746,1738],{"class":158},[134,1748,601],{"class":147},[134,1750,595],{"class":151},[134,1752,1266],{"class":158},[134,1754,1594],{"class":151},[134,1756,1757],{"class":158},") ",[134,1759,1175],{"class":147},[134,1761,1762],{"class":151}," None\n",[134,1764,1765,1768,1771,1774,1776,1779,1781,1783,1785,1788,1790,1793,1795,1798],{"class":136,"line":367},[134,1766,1767],{"class":147},"        return",[134,1769,1770],{"class":158}," httpx.Response(",[134,1772,1773],{"class":151},"200",[134,1775,84],{"class":158},[134,1777,1778],{"class":358},"json",[134,1780,220],{"class":147},[134,1782,544],{"class":158},[134,1784,393],{"class":302},[134,1786,1787],{"class":158},": chunk, ",[134,1789,410],{"class":302},[134,1791,1792],{"class":158},": nxt ",[134,1794,1368],{"class":147},[134,1796,1797],{"class":151}," str",[134,1799,1800],{"class":158},"(nxt)})\n",[134,1802,1803,1806,1808,1810,1812,1815,1817,1820,1822],{"class":136,"line":373},[134,1804,1805],{"class":147},"    return",[134,1807,911],{"class":158},[134,1809,914],{"class":358},[134,1811,220],{"class":147},[134,1813,1814],{"class":302},"\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.test\"",[134,1816,84],{"class":158},[134,1818,1819],{"class":358},"transport",[134,1821,220],{"class":147},[134,1823,1824],{"class":158},"httpx.MockTransport(handler))\n",[134,1826,1827],{"class":136,"line":384},[134,1828,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1830,1831],{"class":136,"line":399},[134,1832,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1834,1835,1837,1840],{"class":136,"line":416},[134,1836,245],{"class":147},[134,1838,1839],{"class":248}," test_cursor_walks_everything",[134,1841,1842],{"class":158},"():\n",[134,1844,1845,1848,1850],{"class":136,"line":428},[134,1846,1847],{"class":158},"    calls ",[134,1849,220],{"class":147},[134,1851,1852],{"class":158}," []\n",[134,1854,1855,1857,1859,1862,1865,1867,1869,1872,1874,1877],{"class":136,"line":434},[134,1856,1183],{"class":158},[134,1858,220],{"class":147},[134,1860,1861],{"class":151}," list",[134,1863,1864],{"class":158},"(iter_cursor(cursor_api(calls), ",[134,1866,1191],{"class":302},[134,1868,84],{"class":158},[134,1870,1871],{"class":358},"page_size",[134,1873,220],{"class":147},[134,1875,1876],{"class":151},"100",[134,1878,956],{"class":158},[134,1880,1881,1884,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895,1897,1900,1902,1904,1906,1909,1911,1913,1915,1917],{"class":136,"line":451},[134,1882,1883],{"class":147},"    assert",[134,1885,1886],{"class":158}," [i[",[134,1888,1602],{"class":302},[134,1890,443],{"class":158},[134,1892,1608],{"class":147},[134,1894,1611],{"class":158},[134,1896,1234],{"class":147},[134,1898,1899],{"class":158}," items] ",[134,1901,1381],{"class":147},[134,1903,1861],{"class":151},[134,1905,1266],{"class":158},[134,1907,1908],{"class":151},"range",[134,1910,1266],{"class":158},[134,1912,1066],{"class":151},[134,1914,84],{"class":158},[134,1916,1625],{"class":151},[134,1918,956],{"class":158},[134,1920,1921,1923,1925,1928,1930],{"class":136,"line":456},[134,1922,1883],{"class":147},[134,1924,595],{"class":151},[134,1926,1927],{"class":158},"(calls) ",[134,1929,1381],{"class":147},[134,1931,1932],{"class":151}," 3\n",[134,1934,1935],{"class":136,"line":461},[134,1936,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1938,1939],{"class":136,"line":489},[134,1940,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,1942,1943,1945,1948],{"class":136,"line":505},[134,1944,245],{"class":147},[134,1946,1947],{"class":248}," test_limit_stops_fetching",[134,1949,1842],{"class":158},[134,1951,1952,1954,1956],{"class":136,"line":511},[134,1953,1847],{"class":158},[134,1955,220],{"class":147},[134,1957,1852],{"class":158},[134,1959,1960,1963,1965,1967,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980,1983,1985],{"class":136,"line":522},[134,1961,1962],{"class":158},"    first ",[134,1964,220],{"class":147},[134,1966,1861],{"class":151},[134,1968,1969],{"class":158},"(itertools.islice(iter_cursor(cursor_api(calls), ",[134,1971,1191],{"class":302},[134,1973,84],{"class":158},[134,1975,1871],{"class":358},[134,1977,220],{"class":147},[134,1979,1876],{"class":151},[134,1981,1982],{"class":158},"), ",[134,1984,1046],{"class":151},[134,1986,956],{"class":158},[134,1988,1989,1991,1993,1996,1998],{"class":136,"line":531},[134,1990,1883],{"class":147},[134,1992,595],{"class":151},[134,1994,1995],{"class":158},"(first) ",[134,1997,1381],{"class":147},[134,1999,2000],{"class":151}," 20\n",[134,2002,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011],{"class":136,"line":567},[134,2004,1883],{"class":147},[134,2006,595],{"class":151},[134,2008,1927],{"class":158},[134,2010,1381],{"class":147},[134,2012,519],{"class":151},[134,2014,2015],{"class":136,"line":572},[134,2016,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,2018,2019],{"class":136,"line":582},[134,2020,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,2022,2023,2025,2028],{"class":136,"line":590},[134,2024,245],{"class":147},[134,2026,2027],{"class":248}," test_page_numbers_exact_multiple",[134,2029,1842],{"class":158},[134,2031,2032,2034,2036],{"class":136,"line":607},[134,2033,1654],{"class":147},[134,2035,1657],{"class":248},[134,2037,1660],{"class":158},[134,2039,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048,2050],{"class":136,"line":612},[134,2041,615],{"class":158},[134,2043,220],{"class":147},[134,2045,1675],{"class":151},[134,2047,1699],{"class":158},[134,2049,555],{"class":302},[134,2051,1704],{"class":158},[134,2053,2054,2056,2058,2060,2062,2064,2066,2068,2071,2073,2076,2079,2082,2084,2087,2089,2092,2094,2096],{"class":136,"line":623},[134,2055,1767],{"class":147},[134,2057,1770],{"class":158},[134,2059,1773],{"class":151},[134,2061,84],{"class":158},[134,2063,1778],{"class":358},[134,2065,220],{"class":147},[134,2067,1594],{"class":151},[134,2069,2070],{"class":158},"[:",[134,2072,1773],{"class":151},[134,2074,2075],{"class":158},"][(page ",[134,2077,2078],{"class":147},"-",[134,2080,2081],{"class":151}," 1",[134,2083,1757],{"class":158},[134,2085,2086],{"class":147},"*",[134,2088,293],{"class":151},[134,2090,2091],{"class":158},": page ",[134,2093,2086],{"class":147},[134,2095,293],{"class":151},[134,2097,1704],{"class":158},[134,2099,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118],{"class":136,"line":628},[134,2101,906],{"class":158},[134,2103,220],{"class":147},[134,2105,911],{"class":158},[134,2107,914],{"class":358},[134,2109,220],{"class":147},[134,2111,1814],{"class":302},[134,2113,84],{"class":158},[134,2115,1819],{"class":358},[134,2117,220],{"class":147},[134,2119,1824],{"class":158},[134,2121,2122,2124,2126,2128,2131,2134,2137,2139,2141,2143,2145,2148,2150],{"class":136,"line":633},[134,2123,1883],{"class":147},[134,2125,595],{"class":151},[134,2127,1266],{"class":158},[134,2129,2130],{"class":151},"list",[134,2132,2133],{"class":158},"(iter_pages(client, ",[134,2135,2136],{"class":302},"\"\u002Fb\"",[134,2138,84],{"class":158},[134,2140,1871],{"class":358},[134,2142,220],{"class":147},[134,2144,1876],{"class":151},[134,2146,2147],{"class":158},"))) ",[134,2149,1381],{"class":147},[134,2151,2152],{"class":151}," 200\n",[134,2154,2155],{"class":136,"line":661},[134,2156,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,2158,2159],{"class":136,"line":667},[134,2160,166],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":165},[134,2162,2163,2165,2168],{"class":136,"line":684},[134,2164,245],{"class":147},[134,2166,2167],{"class":248}," test_link_headers",[134,2169,1842],{"class":158},[134,2171,2172,2174,2176],{"class":136,"line":693},[134,2173,1654],{"class":147},[134,2175,1657],{"class":248},[134,2177,1660],{"class":158},[134,2179,2180,2182,2184,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194],{"class":136,"line":698},[134,2181,615],{"class":158},[134,2183,220],{"class":147},[134,2185,1675],{"class":151},[134,2187,1678],{"class":158},[134,2189,555],{"class":302},[134,2191,84],{"class":158},[134,2193,1066],{"class":151},[134,2195,956],{"class":158},[134,2197,2198,2201,2203,2205,2208,2211,2213,2216,2218,2221,2223,2226,2229,2232,2234,2237,2239,2242,2245],{"class":136,"line":705},[134,2199,2200],{"class":158},"        headers ",[134,2202,220],{"class":147},[134,2204,314],{"class":158},[134,2206,2207],{"class":302},"\"Link\"",[134,2209,2210],{"class":158},": ",[134,2212,1292],{"class":147},[134,2214,2215],{"class":302},"'\u003Chttps:\u002F\u002Fapi.test\u002Fb?page=",[134,2217,544],{"class":151},[134,2219,2220],{"class":158},"page ",[134,2222,1720],{"class":147},[134,2224,2225],{"class":151}," 1}",[134,2227,2228],{"class":302},">; rel=\"next\"'",[134,2230,2231],{"class":158},"} ",[134,2233,1169],{"class":147},[134,2235,2236],{"class":158}," page ",[134,2238,601],{"class":147},[134,2240,2241],{"class":151}," 3",[134,2243,2244],{"class":147}," else",[134,2246,1178],{"class":158},[134,2248,2249,2251,2253,2255,2257,2259,2261,2264,2266,2269,2272,2274],{"class":136,"line":727},[134,2250,1767],{"class":147},[134,2252,1770],{"class":158},[134,2254,1773],{"class":151},[134,2256,84],{"class":158},[134,2258,1778],{"class":358},[134,2260,220],{"class":147},[134,2262,2263],{"class":158},"[{",[134,2265,555],{"class":302},[134,2267,2268],{"class":158},": page}], ",[134,2270,2271],{"class":358},"headers",[134,2273,220],{"class":147},[134,2275,2276],{"class":158},"headers)\n",[134,2278,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295,2297],{"class":136,"line":737},[134,2280,906],{"class":158},[134,2282,220],{"class":147},[134,2284,911],{"class":158},[134,2286,914],{"class":358},[134,2288,220],{"class":147},[134,2290,1814],{"class":302},[134,2292,84],{"class":158},[134,2294,1819],{"class":358},[134,2296,220],{"class":147},[134,2298,1824],{"class":158},[134,2300,2301,2303,2305,2307,2309,2311,2313,2315,2318,2320,2323,2325,2328,2330,2332,2335,2337,2340],{"class":136,"line":742},[134,2302,1883],{"class":147},[134,2304,1886],{"class":158},[134,2306,555],{"class":302},[134,2308,443],{"class":158},[134,2310,1608],{"class":147},[134,2312,1611],{"class":158},[134,2314,1234],{"class":147},[134,2316,2317],{"class":158}," iter_links(client, ",[134,2319,2136],{"class":302},[134,2321,2322],{"class":158},")] ",[134,2324,1381],{"class":147},[134,2326,2327],{"class":158}," [",[134,2329,1066],{"class":151},[134,2331,84],{"class":158},[134,2333,2334],{"class":151},"2",[134,2336,84],{"class":158},[134,2338,2339],{"class":151},"3",[134,2341,396],{"class":158},[10,2343,2344,2345,30],{},"The \"exact multiple\" test pins the edge case where the final page is full and the generator must make one more request to discover the end. For more on offline HTTP tests, see ",[26,2346,2348],{"href":2347},"\u002Fmodern-python-cli-frameworks-architecture\u002Ftesting-python-cli-applications\u002Fmocking-filesystem-and-network-in-cli-tests\u002F","mocking filesystem and network in CLI tests",[32,2350,2352],{"id":2351},"conclusion","Conclusion",[10,2354,2355,2356,2358,2359,2363],{},"Hide pagination behind generators that yield items, and let commands decide how many to take. Small default limits with a clear \"showing N\" note, an explicit ",[13,2357,23],{},", server-side filtering, streaming output and NDJSON for scripts together make listing commands both correct and fast. The generator shape also composes with everything else: ",[26,2360,2362],{"href":2361},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Fcalling-http-apis-from-python-clis\u002Fretries-and-backoff-for-cli-http-calls\u002F","retries"," per page, progress counters, and early exit when a pipe closes.",[32,2365,2367],{"id":2366},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently asked questions",[769,2369,2371],{"id":2370},"should-i-fetch-pages-concurrently-to-go-faster","Should I fetch pages concurrently to go faster?",[10,2373,2374],{},"Only with page-number or offset pagination, where you can compute page URLs up front — and only if the API's rate limits allow it. Cursor pagination is inherently sequential. For most CLIs, a larger page size is a simpler speed-up than concurrency.",[769,2376,2378],{"id":2377},"what-page-size-should-i-request","What page size should I request?",[10,2380,2381],{},"The largest the API allows, within reason — typically 100. Fewer, larger pages mean fewer round trips. Keep it smaller only when items are huge or when the user asked for fewer items than a full page.",[769,2383,2385],{"id":2384},"how-do-i-show-a-total-count","How do I show a total count?",[10,2387,2388,2389,2392,2393,2396],{},"Only if the API returns one (a ",[13,2390,2391],{},"total"," field or ",[13,2394,2395],{},"X-Total-Count"," header); counting by walking every page defeats the purpose of a limit. When a total is available, \"showing 20 of 4,812\" is a helpful footer.",[769,2398,2400,2401,2403],{"id":2399},"how-do-i-resume-a-long-all-export-that-failed-halfway","How do I resume a long ",[13,2402,23],{}," export that failed halfway?",[10,2405,2406,2407,2410],{},"Record the last cursor you successfully processed — in your tool's state directory, written atomically after each page — and accept a ",[13,2408,2409],{},"--resume"," flag that starts from it instead of the beginning. Because cursors are opaque and may expire, treat a rejected cursor as \"start over\" with a clear message rather than an error. For exports that routinely run for many minutes, this turns a network blip at page 380 from an hour of lost work into a single rerun.",[769,2412,2414],{"id":2413},"what-if-items-change-while-i-am-paging","What if items change while I am paging?",[10,2416,2417],{},"With page numbers you may see duplicates or miss items; deduplicate by ID if it matters. Cursor pagination avoids both problems, which is one reason APIs moved to it.",[32,2419,2421],{"id":2420},"related","Related",[37,2423,2424,2430,2435,2440,2446],{},[40,2425,2426,2427],{},"Up: ",[26,2428,2429],{"href":28},"Calling HTTP APIs from Python CLIs",[40,2431,2432],{},[26,2433,2434],{"href":56},"Building an API client CLI with httpx",[40,2436,2437],{},[26,2438,2439],{"href":2361},"Retries and backoff for CLI HTTP calls",[40,2441,2442],{},[26,2443,2445],{"href":2444},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fworking-with-stdin-stdout-and-pipes\u002Fprocessing-large-files-and-ndjson-streams\u002F","Processing large files and NDJSON streams",[40,2447,2448],{},[26,2449,2450],{"href":1504},"Emitting JSON output for scripting",[2452,2453,2454],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html 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