[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2537},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Ffixing-unicode-and-encoding-errors-on-windows\u002F":3,"content-directory":1692},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":1678,"description":1679,"difficulty":1680,"draft":1681,"extension":1682,"meta":1683,"navigation":182,"path":1684,"seo":1685,"stem":1686,"tags":1687,"updated":1678,"__hash__":1691},"content\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Ffixing-unicode-and-encoding-errors-on-windows\u002Findex.md","Fixing Unicode and Encoding Errors on Windows in Python CLIs",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1657},"minimark",[9,36,41,51,55,67,71,131,134,138,141,651,720,723,759,762,767,784,857,888,892,895,990,1000,1004,1015,1019,1022,1065,1069,1075,1525,1544,1548,1560,1564,1571,1574,1578,1581,1585,1604,1611,1617,1621,1653],[10,11,12,13,17,18,21,22,25,26,29,30,35],"p",{},"A Windows user reports that ",[14,15,16],"code",{},"mytool status > status.txt"," crashes with ",[14,19,20],{},"UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\\u2713'",". You cannot reproduce it: on your Mac the command works, and on the user's machine it works too — until they redirect the output. Another user's config file with a German comment is read as ",[14,23,24],{},"Größe",". A third sees ",[14,27,28],{},"?"," in place of every accented letter in the output of a program your tool runs. These are the three faces of the same problem: text crossing a boundary where Python has to choose an encoding, and choosing one — on Windows — that cannot represent the text. This guide explains exactly when Windows Python uses a legacy code page, and fixes each boundary: standard streams, files, subprocess output and symbols the user's console cannot display. It belongs to the ",[31,32,34],"a",{"href":33},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002F","cross-platform terminal compatibility topic",".",[37,38,40],"h2",{"id":39},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[42,43,44,48],"ul",{},[45,46,47],"li",{},"A Python CLI that runs on Windows, or that you want to run there.",[45,49,50],{},"A Windows machine or a Windows CI runner for final verification — the behaviour cannot be reproduced exactly elsewhere, although the tests below simulate it faithfully.",[37,52,54],{"id":53},"where-the-errors-come-from","Where the errors come from",[10,56,57,58,62,63,66],{},"Python strings are Unicode. Whenever text leaves the process — to a console, a file, a pipe — it must be ",[59,60,61],"strong",{},"encoded"," into bytes, and whenever it enters — from a file, a pipe, another program — it must be ",[59,64,65],{},"decoded",". Each boundary has its own encoding:",[68,69],"inline-diagram",{"name":70},"enc-where",[42,72,73,87,101,113],{},[45,74,75,78,79,82,83,86],{},[59,76,77],{},"The interactive Windows console"," is not the problem. Since Python 3.6, writing to a real console uses the Unicode console API, so ",[14,80,81],{},"print(\"✓\")"," in Windows Terminal or ",[14,84,85],{},"cmd.exe"," works.",[45,88,89,92,93,96,97,100],{},[59,90,91],{},"Redirected standard streams"," are the problem. When stdout is a file or pipe, Python encodes with the locale's ANSI code page — ",[14,94,95],{},"cp1252"," in Western Europe and the Americas, others elsewhere — which covers a couple of hundred characters. Anything outside it raises ",[14,98,99],{},"UnicodeEncodeError"," by default.",[45,102,103,112],{},[59,104,105,108,109],{},[14,106,107],{},"open()"," without ",[14,110,111],{},"encoding="," uses the same locale encoding on Windows, so files written on one machine are misread on another, and files with characters outside the code page cannot be written at all.",[45,114,115,118,119,122,123,126,127,130],{},[59,116,117],{},"Subprocess output"," arrives as bytes in whatever encoding the other program chose — often the OEM code page (",[14,120,121],{},"cp437",", ",[14,124,125],{},"cp850",") for older console tools — and ",[14,128,129],{},"text=True"," decodes it with the locale encoding, which may differ again.",[10,132,133],{},"The redirect case is why these bugs escape testing: the author tries the command interactively, it works, and only scripts and CI — which always redirect — hit the crash.",[37,135,137],{"id":136},"the-recipe","The recipe",[10,139,140],{},"Put the encoding decisions in one small module and call it at the very start of the entry point:",[142,143,148],"pre",{"className":144,"code":145,"language":146,"meta":147,"style":147},"language-python shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fencoding.py\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport sys\nfrom typing import TextIO\n\nSYMBOLS = {\"✓\": \"[ok]\", \"✗\": \"[x]\", \"→\": \"->\", \"…\": \"...\", \"•\": \"*\"}\n\n\ndef ensure_utf8_streams() -> None:\n    \"\"\"Make stdout\u002Fstderr UTF-8 with replacement, whatever the platform decided.\"\"\"\n    for name in (\"stdout\", \"stderr\"):\n        stream = getattr(sys, name)\n        encoding = (getattr(stream, \"encoding\", None) or \"\").lower().replace(\"-\", \"\")\n        if encoding != \"utf8\" and hasattr(stream, \"reconfigure\"):\n            stream.reconfigure(encoding=\"utf-8\", errors=\"replace\")\n\n\ndef can_encode(text: str, stream: TextIO | None = None) -> bool:\n    encoding = getattr(stream or sys.stdout, \"encoding\", None) or \"ascii\"\n    try:\n        text.encode(encoding)\n    except (UnicodeEncodeError, LookupError):\n        return False\n    return True\n\n\ndef symbol(char: str, stream: TextIO | None = None) -> str:\n    \"\"\"Return char if the stream can show it, else an ASCII stand-in.\"\"\"\n    return char if can_encode(char, stream) else SYMBOLS.get(char, \"?\")\n","python","",[14,149,150,159,177,184,193,206,211,276,281,286,305,311,337,352,398,426,453,458,463,498,529,537,543,560,569,578,583,588,617,623],{"__ignoreMap":147},[151,152,155],"span",{"class":153,"line":154},"line",1,[151,156,158],{"class":157},"sJ8bj","# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fencoding.py\n",[151,160,162,166,170,173],{"class":153,"line":161},2,[151,163,165],{"class":164},"szBVR","from",[151,167,169],{"class":168},"sj4cs"," __future__",[151,171,172],{"class":164}," import",[151,174,176],{"class":175},"sVt8B"," annotations\n",[151,178,180],{"class":153,"line":179},3,[151,181,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},true,"\n",[151,185,187,190],{"class":153,"line":186},4,[151,188,189],{"class":164},"import",[151,191,192],{"class":175}," sys\n",[151,194,196,198,201,203],{"class":153,"line":195},5,[151,197,165],{"class":164},[151,199,200],{"class":175}," typing ",[151,202,189],{"class":164},[151,204,205],{"class":175}," TextIO\n",[151,207,209],{"class":153,"line":208},6,[151,210,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,212,214,217,220,223,227,230,233,235,238,240,243,245,248,250,253,255,258,260,263,265,268,270,273],{"class":153,"line":213},7,[151,215,216],{"class":168},"SYMBOLS",[151,218,219],{"class":164}," =",[151,221,222],{"class":175}," {",[151,224,226],{"class":225},"sZZnC","\"✓\"",[151,228,229],{"class":175},": ",[151,231,232],{"class":225},"\"[ok]\"",[151,234,122],{"class":175},[151,236,237],{"class":225},"\"✗\"",[151,239,229],{"class":175},[151,241,242],{"class":225},"\"[x]\"",[151,244,122],{"class":175},[151,246,247],{"class":225},"\"→\"",[151,249,229],{"class":175},[151,251,252],{"class":225},"\"->\"",[151,254,122],{"class":175},[151,256,257],{"class":225},"\"…\"",[151,259,229],{"class":175},[151,261,262],{"class":225},"\"...\"",[151,264,122],{"class":175},[151,266,267],{"class":225},"\"•\"",[151,269,229],{"class":175},[151,271,272],{"class":225},"\"*\"",[151,274,275],{"class":175},"}\n",[151,277,279],{"class":153,"line":278},8,[151,280,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,282,284],{"class":153,"line":283},9,[151,285,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,287,289,292,296,299,302],{"class":153,"line":288},10,[151,290,291],{"class":164},"def",[151,293,295],{"class":294},"sScJk"," ensure_utf8_streams",[151,297,298],{"class":175},"() -> ",[151,300,301],{"class":168},"None",[151,303,304],{"class":175},":\n",[151,306,308],{"class":153,"line":307},11,[151,309,310],{"class":225},"    \"\"\"Make stdout\u002Fstderr UTF-8 with replacement, whatever the platform decided.\"\"\"\n",[151,312,314,317,320,323,326,329,331,334],{"class":153,"line":313},12,[151,315,316],{"class":164},"    for",[151,318,319],{"class":175}," name ",[151,321,322],{"class":164},"in",[151,324,325],{"class":175}," (",[151,327,328],{"class":225},"\"stdout\"",[151,330,122],{"class":175},[151,332,333],{"class":225},"\"stderr\"",[151,335,336],{"class":175},"):\n",[151,338,340,343,346,349],{"class":153,"line":339},13,[151,341,342],{"class":175},"        stream ",[151,344,345],{"class":164},"=",[151,347,348],{"class":168}," getattr",[151,350,351],{"class":175},"(sys, name)\n",[151,353,355,358,360,362,365,368,371,373,375,378,381,384,387,390,392,395],{"class":153,"line":354},14,[151,356,357],{"class":175},"        encoding ",[151,359,345],{"class":164},[151,361,325],{"class":175},[151,363,364],{"class":168},"getattr",[151,366,367],{"class":175},"(stream, ",[151,369,370],{"class":225},"\"encoding\"",[151,372,122],{"class":175},[151,374,301],{"class":168},[151,376,377],{"class":175},") ",[151,379,380],{"class":164},"or",[151,382,383],{"class":225}," \"\"",[151,385,386],{"class":175},").lower().replace(",[151,388,389],{"class":225},"\"-\"",[151,391,122],{"class":175},[151,393,394],{"class":225},"\"\"",[151,396,397],{"class":175},")\n",[151,399,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,421,424],{"class":153,"line":400},15,[151,402,403],{"class":164},"        if",[151,405,406],{"class":175}," encoding ",[151,408,409],{"class":164},"!=",[151,411,412],{"class":225}," \"utf8\"",[151,414,415],{"class":164}," and",[151,417,418],{"class":168}," hasattr",[151,420,367],{"class":175},[151,422,423],{"class":225},"\"reconfigure\"",[151,425,336],{"class":175},[151,427,429,432,436,438,441,443,446,448,451],{"class":153,"line":428},16,[151,430,431],{"class":175},"            stream.reconfigure(",[151,433,435],{"class":434},"s4XuR","encoding",[151,437,345],{"class":164},[151,439,440],{"class":225},"\"utf-8\"",[151,442,122],{"class":175},[151,444,445],{"class":434},"errors",[151,447,345],{"class":164},[151,449,450],{"class":225},"\"replace\"",[151,452,397],{"class":175},[151,454,456],{"class":153,"line":455},17,[151,457,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,459,461],{"class":153,"line":460},18,[151,462,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,464,466,468,471,474,477,480,483,486,488,490,493,496],{"class":153,"line":465},19,[151,467,291],{"class":164},[151,469,470],{"class":294}," can_encode",[151,472,473],{"class":175},"(text: ",[151,475,476],{"class":168},"str",[151,478,479],{"class":175},", stream: TextIO ",[151,481,482],{"class":164},"|",[151,484,485],{"class":168}," None",[151,487,219],{"class":164},[151,489,485],{"class":168},[151,491,492],{"class":175},") -> ",[151,494,495],{"class":168},"bool",[151,497,304],{"class":175},[151,499,501,504,506,508,511,513,516,518,520,522,524,526],{"class":153,"line":500},20,[151,502,503],{"class":175},"    encoding ",[151,505,345],{"class":164},[151,507,348],{"class":168},[151,509,510],{"class":175},"(stream ",[151,512,380],{"class":164},[151,514,515],{"class":175}," sys.stdout, ",[151,517,370],{"class":225},[151,519,122],{"class":175},[151,521,301],{"class":168},[151,523,377],{"class":175},[151,525,380],{"class":164},[151,527,528],{"class":225}," \"ascii\"\n",[151,530,532,535],{"class":153,"line":531},21,[151,533,534],{"class":164},"    try",[151,536,304],{"class":175},[151,538,540],{"class":153,"line":539},22,[151,541,542],{"class":175},"        text.encode(encoding)\n",[151,544,546,549,551,553,555,558],{"class":153,"line":545},23,[151,547,548],{"class":164},"    except",[151,550,325],{"class":175},[151,552,99],{"class":168},[151,554,122],{"class":175},[151,556,557],{"class":168},"LookupError",[151,559,336],{"class":175},[151,561,563,566],{"class":153,"line":562},24,[151,564,565],{"class":164},"        return",[151,567,568],{"class":168}," False\n",[151,570,572,575],{"class":153,"line":571},25,[151,573,574],{"class":164},"    return",[151,576,577],{"class":168}," True\n",[151,579,581],{"class":153,"line":580},26,[151,582,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,584,586],{"class":153,"line":585},27,[151,587,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,589,591,593,596,599,601,603,605,607,609,611,613,615],{"class":153,"line":590},28,[151,592,291],{"class":164},[151,594,595],{"class":294}," symbol",[151,597,598],{"class":175},"(char: ",[151,600,476],{"class":168},[151,602,479],{"class":175},[151,604,482],{"class":164},[151,606,485],{"class":168},[151,608,219],{"class":164},[151,610,485],{"class":168},[151,612,492],{"class":175},[151,614,476],{"class":168},[151,616,304],{"class":175},[151,618,620],{"class":153,"line":619},29,[151,621,622],{"class":225},"    \"\"\"Return char if the stream can show it, else an ASCII stand-in.\"\"\"\n",[151,624,626,628,631,634,637,640,643,646,649],{"class":153,"line":625},30,[151,627,574],{"class":164},[151,629,630],{"class":175}," char ",[151,632,633],{"class":164},"if",[151,635,636],{"class":175}," can_encode(char, stream) ",[151,638,639],{"class":164},"else",[151,641,642],{"class":168}," SYMBOLS",[151,644,645],{"class":175},".get(char, ",[151,647,648],{"class":225},"\"?\"",[151,650,397],{"class":175},[142,652,654],{"className":144,"code":653,"language":146,"meta":147,"style":147},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002F__main__.py (and the console-script entry function)\nfrom mytool.encoding import ensure_utf8_streams\n\n\ndef main() -> None:\n    ensure_utf8_streams()          # before anything is printed\n    from mytool.cli import app\n    app()\n",[14,655,656,661,673,677,681,694,702,715],{"__ignoreMap":147},[151,657,658],{"class":153,"line":154},[151,659,660],{"class":157},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002F__main__.py (and the console-script entry function)\n",[151,662,663,665,668,670],{"class":153,"line":161},[151,664,165],{"class":164},[151,666,667],{"class":175}," mytool.encoding ",[151,669,189],{"class":164},[151,671,672],{"class":175}," ensure_utf8_streams\n",[151,674,675],{"class":153,"line":179},[151,676,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,678,679],{"class":153,"line":186},[151,680,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,682,683,685,688,690,692],{"class":153,"line":195},[151,684,291],{"class":164},[151,686,687],{"class":294}," main",[151,689,298],{"class":175},[151,691,301],{"class":168},[151,693,304],{"class":175},[151,695,696,699],{"class":153,"line":208},[151,697,698],{"class":175},"    ensure_utf8_streams()          ",[151,700,701],{"class":157},"# before anything is printed\n",[151,703,704,707,710,712],{"class":153,"line":213},[151,705,706],{"class":164},"    from",[151,708,709],{"class":175}," mytool.cli ",[151,711,189],{"class":164},[151,713,714],{"class":175}," app\n",[151,716,717],{"class":153,"line":278},[151,718,719],{"class":175},"    app()\n",[10,721,722],{},"What each piece does:",[42,724,725,747],{},[45,726,727,732,733,736,737,740,741,743,744,746],{},[59,728,729],{},[14,730,731],{},"ensure_utf8_streams()"," reconfigures stdout and stderr to UTF-8 with ",[14,734,735],{},"errors=\"replace\"",". ",[14,738,739],{},"reconfigure"," (Python 3.7+) changes the encoding of an existing text stream in place, before anything has been written. UTF-8 can represent every character, so encoding never fails; ",[14,742,735],{}," guarantees that even a lone surrogate or other malformed string becomes ",[14,745,28],{}," rather than a traceback. Consumers reading redirected output — other programs, editors — overwhelmingly expect UTF-8 today.",[45,748,749,754,755,758],{},[59,750,751],{},[14,752,753],{},"symbol()"," is for decorative characters. When output goes somewhere that genuinely cannot display ",[14,756,757],{},"✓"," — a legacy console font, a stream you chose not to reconfigure — the ASCII stand-in keeps the meaning. Use it for status marks, arrows and bullets, never for user data, which must be passed through faithfully.",[68,760],{"name":761},"enc-fixes",[763,764,766],"h3",{"id":765},"files-always-say-which-encoding","Files: always say which encoding",[10,768,769,770,122,772,775,776,779,780,783],{},"Every ",[14,771,107],{},[14,773,774],{},"Path.read_text()"," and ",[14,777,778],{},"Path.write_text()"," in your tool should pass ",[14,781,782],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\"",":",[142,785,787],{"className":144,"code":786,"language":146,"meta":147,"style":147},"from pathlib import Path\n\nconfig = Path(\"mytool.toml\").read_text(encoding=\"utf-8\")\nPath(\"report.csv\").write_text(csv_text, encoding=\"utf-8\", newline=\"\")\n",[14,788,789,801,805,829],{"__ignoreMap":147},[151,790,791,793,796,798],{"class":153,"line":154},[151,792,165],{"class":164},[151,794,795],{"class":175}," pathlib ",[151,797,189],{"class":164},[151,799,800],{"class":175}," Path\n",[151,802,803],{"class":153,"line":161},[151,804,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,806,807,810,812,815,818,821,823,825,827],{"class":153,"line":179},[151,808,809],{"class":175},"config ",[151,811,345],{"class":164},[151,813,814],{"class":175}," Path(",[151,816,817],{"class":225},"\"mytool.toml\"",[151,819,820],{"class":175},").read_text(",[151,822,435],{"class":434},[151,824,345],{"class":164},[151,826,440],{"class":225},[151,828,397],{"class":175},[151,830,831,834,837,840,842,844,846,848,851,853,855],{"class":153,"line":186},[151,832,833],{"class":175},"Path(",[151,835,836],{"class":225},"\"report.csv\"",[151,838,839],{"class":175},").write_text(csv_text, ",[151,841,435],{"class":434},[151,843,345],{"class":164},[151,845,440],{"class":225},[151,847,122],{"class":175},[151,849,850],{"class":434},"newline",[151,852,345],{"class":164},[151,854,394],{"class":225},[151,856,397],{"class":175},[10,858,859,860,863,864,867,868,871,872,876,877,880,881,883,884,35],{},"For files users edit in Windows tools, accept a byte-order mark by reading with ",[14,861,862],{},"encoding=\"utf-8-sig\"",", which handles files with or without one. For TOML specifically, ",[14,865,866],{},"tomllib"," requires binary mode (",[14,869,870],{},"open(path, \"rb\")",") and handles UTF-8 itself, which removes the question entirely — see ",[31,873,875],{"href":874},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fhandling-configuration-files-env-vars\u002Freading-toml-config-with-tomllib\u002F","reading TOML config with tomllib",". Ruff's ",[14,878,879],{},"PLW1514"," rule flags any text-mode ",[14,882,107],{}," without an encoding, which is the easiest way to find them all; see ",[31,885,887],{"href":886},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Flinting-and-type-checking-cli-code\u002Fconfiguring-ruff-for-a-cli-project\u002F","configuring Ruff for a CLI project",[763,889,891],{"id":890},"output-from-other-programs","Output from other programs",[10,893,894],{},"When your CLI runs other tools, decode their output deliberately:",[142,896,898],{"className":144,"code":897,"language":146,"meta":147,"style":147},"import subprocess\n\nproc = subprocess.run([\"git\", \"log\", \"-1\", \"--format=%an\"], capture_output=True, check=True)\nauthor = proc.stdout.decode(\"utf-8\", errors=\"replace\").strip()\n",[14,899,900,907,911,967],{"__ignoreMap":147},[151,901,902,904],{"class":153,"line":154},[151,903,189],{"class":164},[151,905,906],{"class":175}," subprocess\n",[151,908,909],{"class":153,"line":161},[151,910,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,912,913,916,918,921,924,926,929,931,934,936,939,942,945,948,951,953,956,958,961,963,965],{"class":153,"line":179},[151,914,915],{"class":175},"proc ",[151,917,345],{"class":164},[151,919,920],{"class":175}," subprocess.run([",[151,922,923],{"class":225},"\"git\"",[151,925,122],{"class":175},[151,927,928],{"class":225},"\"log\"",[151,930,122],{"class":175},[151,932,933],{"class":225},"\"-1\"",[151,935,122],{"class":175},[151,937,938],{"class":225},"\"--format=",[151,940,941],{"class":168},"%a",[151,943,944],{"class":225},"n\"",[151,946,947],{"class":175},"], ",[151,949,950],{"class":434},"capture_output",[151,952,345],{"class":164},[151,954,955],{"class":168},"True",[151,957,122],{"class":175},[151,959,960],{"class":434},"check",[151,962,345],{"class":164},[151,964,955],{"class":168},[151,966,397],{"class":175},[151,968,969,972,974,977,979,981,983,985,987],{"class":153,"line":186},[151,970,971],{"class":175},"author ",[151,973,345],{"class":164},[151,975,976],{"class":175}," proc.stdout.decode(",[151,978,440],{"class":225},[151,980,122],{"class":175},[151,982,445],{"class":434},[151,984,345],{"class":164},[151,986,450],{"class":225},[151,988,989],{"class":175},").strip()\n",[10,991,992,993,995,996,35],{},"Modern tools (git, Go and Rust programs, Python with UTF-8 mode) usually emit UTF-8; older Windows console programs may emit the OEM code page. Decoding as UTF-8 with ",[14,994,735],{}," never crashes and is right for the modern majority; if you wrap a specific legacy tool, decode with its known encoding instead. The subprocess side of this is covered in ",[31,997,999],{"href":998},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Frunning-subprocesses-from-python-clis\u002Fcalling-external-commands-safely-with-subprocess\u002F","calling external commands safely with subprocess",[763,1001,1003],{"id":1002},"pythons-utf-8-mode","Python's UTF-8 mode",[10,1005,1006,1007,1010,1011,1014],{},"Setting ",[14,1008,1009],{},"PYTHONUTF8=1"," (or running ",[14,1012,1013],{},"python -X utf8",") makes the whole interpreter default to UTF-8 for files and streams on every platform. It is an excellent setting for users and CI, and Python 3.15 is planned to make it the default. But a CLI cannot rely on it: users run whatever Python they have, and launchers generated by pip, pipx and uv do not set it. Explicit encodings in your own code work regardless.",[37,1016,1018],{"id":1017},"ux-considerations","UX considerations",[68,1020],{"name":1021},"enc-terminal",[42,1023,1024,1030,1036,1051],{},[45,1025,1026,1029],{},[59,1027,1028],{},"Never crash on output."," A tool that fails because it could not print a check mark has its priorities backwards. Replacement characters are an acceptable worst case; tracebacks are not.",[45,1031,1032,1035],{},[59,1033,1034],{},"Keep user data intact."," Symbols may fall back to ASCII; names, paths and messages from users must round-trip exactly, which UTF-8 guarantees.",[45,1037,1038,1041,1042,122,1044,122,1047,1050],{},[59,1039,1040],{},"Do not depend on emoji."," Even in UTF-8, older console fonts render many emoji as boxes. Plain symbols (",[14,1043,757],{},[14,1045,1046],{},"✗",[14,1048,1049],{},"→",") have much better font coverage, and a word next to each keeps meaning clear.",[45,1052,1053,1056,1057,1059,1060,1064],{},[59,1054,1055],{},"Document the escape hatch."," Mention ",[14,1058,1009],{}," in troubleshooting docs for users hitting encoding issues in ",[1061,1062,1063],"em",{},"other"," Python tools too.",[37,1066,1068],{"id":1067},"testing-the-behaviour","Testing the behaviour",[10,1070,1071,1072,1074],{},"You can reproduce the Windows redirect behaviour on any platform by wrapping a bytes buffer in a ",[14,1073,95],{}," text stream — exactly what Windows Python does for a redirected stdout:",[142,1076,1078],{"className":144,"code":1077,"language":146,"meta":147,"style":147},"# tests\u002Ftest_encoding.py\nimport io\nimport sys\n\nimport pytest\n\nfrom mytool import encoding\n\n\ndef cp1252_stream() -> io.TextIOWrapper:\n    \"\"\"What Windows gives a redirected stdout on a Western-European locale.\"\"\"\n    return io.TextIOWrapper(io.BytesIO(), encoding=\"cp1252\", errors=\"strict\")\n\n\ndef test_the_original_failure_is_real():\n    stream = cp1252_stream()\n    with pytest.raises(UnicodeEncodeError):\n        print(\"✓ deployed\", file=stream, flush=True)\n\n\ndef test_reconfigure_fixes_it(monkeypatch):\n    stream = cp1252_stream()\n    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, \"stdout\", stream)\n    encoding.ensure_utf8_streams()\n    print(\"✓ déployé → prod\", flush=True)\n    assert stream.buffer.getvalue().decode(\"utf-8\") == \"✓ déployé → prod\\n\"\n\n\ndef test_symbol_falls_back_on_narrow_streams():\n    assert encoding.symbol(\"✓\", cp1252_stream()) == \"[ok]\"\n    assert encoding.symbol(\"é\", cp1252_stream()) == \"é\"            # cp1252 has é\n    utf8 = io.TextIOWrapper(io.BytesIO(), encoding=\"utf-8\")\n    assert encoding.symbol(\"✓\", utf8) == \"✓\"\n\n\ndef test_reading_bytes_from_another_program():\n    raw = \"Größe: 5 MB\\n\".encode(\"utf-8\")\n    assert raw.decode(\"utf-8\", errors=\"replace\") == \"Größe: 5 MB\\n\"\n    assert \"�\" in b\"\\xff broken\".decode(\"utf-8\", errors=\"replace\")\n",[14,1079,1080,1085,1092,1098,1102,1109,1113,1125,1129,1133,1143,1148,1173,1177,1181,1191,1201,1213,1243,1247,1251,1261,1269,1279,1284,1304,1328,1332,1336,1345,1362,1382,1400,1417,1422,1427,1437,1460,1488],{"__ignoreMap":147},[151,1081,1082],{"class":153,"line":154},[151,1083,1084],{"class":157},"# tests\u002Ftest_encoding.py\n",[151,1086,1087,1089],{"class":153,"line":161},[151,1088,189],{"class":164},[151,1090,1091],{"class":175}," io\n",[151,1093,1094,1096],{"class":153,"line":179},[151,1095,189],{"class":164},[151,1097,192],{"class":175},[151,1099,1100],{"class":153,"line":186},[151,1101,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1103,1104,1106],{"class":153,"line":195},[151,1105,189],{"class":164},[151,1107,1108],{"class":175}," pytest\n",[151,1110,1111],{"class":153,"line":208},[151,1112,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1114,1115,1117,1120,1122],{"class":153,"line":213},[151,1116,165],{"class":164},[151,1118,1119],{"class":175}," mytool ",[151,1121,189],{"class":164},[151,1123,1124],{"class":175}," encoding\n",[151,1126,1127],{"class":153,"line":278},[151,1128,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1130,1131],{"class":153,"line":283},[151,1132,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1134,1135,1137,1140],{"class":153,"line":288},[151,1136,291],{"class":164},[151,1138,1139],{"class":294}," cp1252_stream",[151,1141,1142],{"class":175},"() -> io.TextIOWrapper:\n",[151,1144,1145],{"class":153,"line":307},[151,1146,1147],{"class":225},"    \"\"\"What Windows gives a redirected stdout on a Western-European locale.\"\"\"\n",[151,1149,1150,1152,1155,1157,1159,1162,1164,1166,1168,1171],{"class":153,"line":313},[151,1151,574],{"class":164},[151,1153,1154],{"class":175}," io.TextIOWrapper(io.BytesIO(), ",[151,1156,435],{"class":434},[151,1158,345],{"class":164},[151,1160,1161],{"class":225},"\"cp1252\"",[151,1163,122],{"class":175},[151,1165,445],{"class":434},[151,1167,345],{"class":164},[151,1169,1170],{"class":225},"\"strict\"",[151,1172,397],{"class":175},[151,1174,1175],{"class":153,"line":339},[151,1176,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1178,1179],{"class":153,"line":354},[151,1180,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1182,1183,1185,1188],{"class":153,"line":400},[151,1184,291],{"class":164},[151,1186,1187],{"class":294}," test_the_original_failure_is_real",[151,1189,1190],{"class":175},"():\n",[151,1192,1193,1196,1198],{"class":153,"line":428},[151,1194,1195],{"class":175},"    stream ",[151,1197,345],{"class":164},[151,1199,1200],{"class":175}," cp1252_stream()\n",[151,1202,1203,1206,1209,1211],{"class":153,"line":455},[151,1204,1205],{"class":164},"    with",[151,1207,1208],{"class":175}," pytest.raises(",[151,1210,99],{"class":168},[151,1212,336],{"class":175},[151,1214,1215,1218,1221,1224,1226,1229,1231,1234,1237,1239,1241],{"class":153,"line":460},[151,1216,1217],{"class":168},"        print",[151,1219,1220],{"class":175},"(",[151,1222,1223],{"class":225},"\"✓ deployed\"",[151,1225,122],{"class":175},[151,1227,1228],{"class":434},"file",[151,1230,345],{"class":164},[151,1232,1233],{"class":175},"stream, ",[151,1235,1236],{"class":434},"flush",[151,1238,345],{"class":164},[151,1240,955],{"class":168},[151,1242,397],{"class":175},[151,1244,1245],{"class":153,"line":465},[151,1246,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1248,1249],{"class":153,"line":500},[151,1250,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1252,1253,1255,1258],{"class":153,"line":531},[151,1254,291],{"class":164},[151,1256,1257],{"class":294}," test_reconfigure_fixes_it",[151,1259,1260],{"class":175},"(monkeypatch):\n",[151,1262,1263,1265,1267],{"class":153,"line":539},[151,1264,1195],{"class":175},[151,1266,345],{"class":164},[151,1268,1200],{"class":175},[151,1270,1271,1274,1276],{"class":153,"line":545},[151,1272,1273],{"class":175},"    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, ",[151,1275,328],{"class":225},[151,1277,1278],{"class":175},", stream)\n",[151,1280,1281],{"class":153,"line":562},[151,1282,1283],{"class":175},"    encoding.ensure_utf8_streams()\n",[151,1285,1286,1289,1291,1294,1296,1298,1300,1302],{"class":153,"line":571},[151,1287,1288],{"class":168},"    print",[151,1290,1220],{"class":175},[151,1292,1293],{"class":225},"\"✓ déployé → prod\"",[151,1295,122],{"class":175},[151,1297,1236],{"class":434},[151,1299,345],{"class":164},[151,1301,955],{"class":168},[151,1303,397],{"class":175},[151,1305,1306,1309,1312,1314,1316,1319,1322,1325],{"class":153,"line":580},[151,1307,1308],{"class":164},"    assert",[151,1310,1311],{"class":175}," stream.buffer.getvalue().decode(",[151,1313,440],{"class":225},[151,1315,377],{"class":175},[151,1317,1318],{"class":164},"==",[151,1320,1321],{"class":225}," \"✓ déployé → prod",[151,1323,1324],{"class":168},"\\n",[151,1326,1327],{"class":225},"\"\n",[151,1329,1330],{"class":153,"line":585},[151,1331,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1333,1334],{"class":153,"line":590},[151,1335,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1337,1338,1340,1343],{"class":153,"line":619},[151,1339,291],{"class":164},[151,1341,1342],{"class":294}," test_symbol_falls_back_on_narrow_streams",[151,1344,1190],{"class":175},[151,1346,1347,1349,1352,1354,1357,1359],{"class":153,"line":625},[151,1348,1308],{"class":164},[151,1350,1351],{"class":175}," encoding.symbol(",[151,1353,226],{"class":225},[151,1355,1356],{"class":175},", cp1252_stream()) ",[151,1358,1318],{"class":164},[151,1360,1361],{"class":225}," \"[ok]\"\n",[151,1363,1365,1367,1369,1372,1374,1376,1379],{"class":153,"line":1364},31,[151,1366,1308],{"class":164},[151,1368,1351],{"class":175},[151,1370,1371],{"class":225},"\"é\"",[151,1373,1356],{"class":175},[151,1375,1318],{"class":164},[151,1377,1378],{"class":225}," \"é\"",[151,1380,1381],{"class":157},"            # cp1252 has é\n",[151,1383,1385,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398],{"class":153,"line":1384},32,[151,1386,1387],{"class":175},"    utf8 ",[151,1389,345],{"class":164},[151,1391,1154],{"class":175},[151,1393,435],{"class":434},[151,1395,345],{"class":164},[151,1397,440],{"class":225},[151,1399,397],{"class":175},[151,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1412,1414],{"class":153,"line":1402},33,[151,1404,1308],{"class":164},[151,1406,1351],{"class":175},[151,1408,226],{"class":225},[151,1410,1411],{"class":175},", utf8) ",[151,1413,1318],{"class":164},[151,1415,1416],{"class":225}," \"✓\"\n",[151,1418,1420],{"class":153,"line":1419},34,[151,1421,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1423,1425],{"class":153,"line":1424},35,[151,1426,183],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":182},[151,1428,1430,1432,1435],{"class":153,"line":1429},36,[151,1431,291],{"class":164},[151,1433,1434],{"class":294}," test_reading_bytes_from_another_program",[151,1436,1190],{"class":175},[151,1438,1440,1443,1445,1448,1450,1453,1456,1458],{"class":153,"line":1439},37,[151,1441,1442],{"class":175},"    raw ",[151,1444,345],{"class":164},[151,1446,1447],{"class":225}," \"Größe: 5 MB",[151,1449,1324],{"class":168},[151,1451,1452],{"class":225},"\"",[151,1454,1455],{"class":175},".encode(",[151,1457,440],{"class":225},[151,1459,397],{"class":175},[151,1461,1463,1465,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486],{"class":153,"line":1462},38,[151,1464,1308],{"class":164},[151,1466,1467],{"class":175}," raw.decode(",[151,1469,440],{"class":225},[151,1471,122],{"class":175},[151,1473,445],{"class":434},[151,1475,345],{"class":164},[151,1477,450],{"class":225},[151,1479,377],{"class":175},[151,1481,1318],{"class":164},[151,1483,1447],{"class":225},[151,1485,1324],{"class":168},[151,1487,1327],{"class":225},[151,1489,1491,1493,1496,1499,1502,1504,1507,1510,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523],{"class":153,"line":1490},39,[151,1492,1308],{"class":164},[151,1494,1495],{"class":225}," \"�\"",[151,1497,1498],{"class":164}," in",[151,1500,1501],{"class":164}," b",[151,1503,1452],{"class":225},[151,1505,1506],{"class":168},"\\xff",[151,1508,1509],{"class":225}," broken\"",[151,1511,1512],{"class":175},".decode(",[151,1514,440],{"class":225},[151,1516,122],{"class":175},[151,1518,445],{"class":434},[151,1520,345],{"class":164},[151,1522,450],{"class":225},[151,1524,397],{"class":175},[10,1526,1527,1528,1531,1532,1535,1536,1539,1540,35],{},"The first test is worth keeping even though it tests Python rather than your code: it documents ",[1061,1529,1530],{},"why"," the fix exists, and it fails loudly if a future Python changes the behaviour. For end-to-end confidence, add a Windows CI job that runs a command with output redirected (",[14,1533,1534],{},"mytool status > out.txt",") and with ",[14,1537,1538],{},"PYTHONUTF8"," unset, as described in ",[31,1541,1543],{"href":1542},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fci-cd-pipelines-for-python-clis\u002Ftesting-a-cli-across-python-versions-with-github-actions\u002F","testing a CLI across Python versions with GitHub Actions",[37,1545,1547],{"id":1546},"conclusion","Conclusion",[10,1549,1550,1551,1553,1554,1556,1557,1559],{},"Encoding errors in Python CLIs on Windows come from a small number of boundaries: redirected standard streams, files opened without an encoding, and output from other programs. Reconfigure stdout and stderr to UTF-8 with ",[14,1552,735],{}," at the start of the entry point, pass ",[14,1555,782],{}," to every file operation, decode subprocess output explicitly, and give decorative symbols ASCII fallbacks. Then simulate a ",[14,1558,95],{}," stream in tests and run one redirected command on a Windows runner, and the \"works on my machine\" class of Unicode bugs is closed.",[37,1561,1563],{"id":1562},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently asked questions",[763,1565,1567,1568,28],{"id":1566},"should-i-change-the-console-code-page-with-chcp-65001","Should I change the console code page with ",[14,1569,1570],{},"chcp 65001",[10,1572,1573],{},"Not from your tool. Changing the console code page affects the user's whole session and other programs in it, and it is unnecessary for Python's own console output. Reconfiguring your own streams fixes your output without side effects.",[763,1575,1577],{"id":1576},"does-rich-handle-this-for-me","Does Rich handle this for me?",[10,1579,1580],{},"Rich writes to the console through Windows APIs and handles legacy consoles carefully, so interactive output is usually fine. When output is redirected, Rich writes to the stream Python gave it — which is why reconfiguring the streams first still matters.",[763,1582,1584],{"id":1583},"what-about-reading-from-stdin","What about reading from stdin?",[10,1586,1587,1588,1591,1592,1595,1596,1599,1600,35],{},"The same rules apply in reverse. Reconfigure ",[14,1589,1590],{},"sys.stdin"," with ",[14,1593,1594],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\", errors=\"replace\""," if your tool reads piped text, or read ",[14,1597,1598],{},"sys.stdin.buffer"," and decode explicitly when you need to handle binary input. See ",[31,1601,1603],{"href":1602},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fworking-with-stdin-stdout-and-pipes\u002Freading-piped-input-in-python-clis\u002F","reading piped input in Python CLIs",[763,1605,1607,1608,1610],{"id":1606},"is-errorsreplace-hiding-bugs","Is ",[14,1609,735],{}," hiding bugs?",[10,1612,1613,1614,1616],{},"For output streams it trades an impossible-to-display character for ",[14,1615,28],{},", which is the right trade in a CLI. For parsing input that must be exact — configuration, data files — use strict decoding and report a clear error naming the file and position instead.",[37,1618,1620],{"id":1619},"related","Related",[42,1622,1623,1629,1635,1641,1647],{},[45,1624,1625,1626],{},"Up: ",[31,1627,1628],{"href":33},"Cross-platform terminal compatibility",[45,1630,1631],{},[31,1632,1634],{"href":1633},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Frespecting-no-color-and-force-color\u002F","Respecting NO_COLOR and FORCE_COLOR",[45,1636,1637],{},[31,1638,1640],{"href":1639},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fdetecting-ci-environments-and-non-interactive-shells\u002F","Detecting CI environments and non-interactive shells",[45,1642,1643],{},[31,1644,1646],{"href":1645},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Ffilesystem-paths-and-atomic-writes\u002Fcross-platform-paths-with-pathlib\u002F","Cross-platform paths with pathlib",[45,1648,1649],{},[31,1650,1652],{"href":1651},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fworking-with-stdin-stdout-and-pipes\u002Fhandling-broken-pipe-and-sigpipe\u002F","Handling broken pipe and SIGPIPE",[1654,1655,1656],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html .default .shiki span {color: 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